Design for service-oriented approach: a case of collaborative consumption

Human activities are placing increasing pressure on our global resources and climate, with the circular economy considered as a promising approach to reducing the global pressure on diminishing resources. Service-oriented products have become firmly established as a crucial aspect of business today. With consumers recognising the benefits provided through apps and websites, combining convenience with the potential to improve individual’s behaviour in respect to sustainability. Subsequently, the “sharing economy” is a term that describes a wide range of activities and organisations that foster the sharing of tangible assets for monetary or non-monetary benefits, typically through a peer-to-peer marketplace. Collaborative consumption is best conceived as a "resource circulation system" and a challenge for businesses and practitioners. This paper discusses the findings of a questionnaire conducted in Britain and China, which sought to understand consumer’s perceptions and behaviours around the use of collaborative consumption platforms, comparing the situation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that individuals, who use collaborative consumption platforms, predominately use the service for its economic benefits rather than environmental concerns. Consumer’s perception of sustainability may change post COVID-19, due to differing lifestyles with people being connected at a distance. Therefore, there is a need to explore new knowledge in order to find fresh revenue streams, new collaborative models, new partnerships, and new services. This paper aims to describe the gap between people’s value and their action, hoping to identify and correlate differences in consumption behaviour between two countries to inform future consumption and communicate potential sustainability benefits

Model-adjusted prevalence estimates of fecal samples from feedlot cattle positive for <i>wzx</i>_O104/<i>wbdD</i>_O8/O9/O9a and <i>wzx</i>_O104 at the feedlot-, lot- and sample- levels.

<p>Model-adjusted prevalence estimates of fecal samples from feedlot cattle positive for <i>wzx</i>_O104/<i>wbdD</i>_O8/O9/O9a and <i>wzx</i>_O104 at the feedlot-, lot- and sample- levels.</p

Virulence gene profiles of strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O104 isolated from feedlot cattle feces.

<p>Virulence gene profiles of strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O104 isolated from feedlot cattle feces.</p

Number of fecal samples from feedlot cattle positive for <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> O104 and O8/O9/O9a based on PCR assays of <i>wzx</i>_O104 and <i>wbdD</i>_O8/O9/O9a.

<p>Number of fecal samples from feedlot cattle positive for <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> O104 and O8/O9/O9a based on PCR assays of <i>wzx</i>_O104 and <i>wbdD</i>_O8/O9/O9a.</p

Number of fecal samples from feedlot cattle positive for <i>wzx</i>_O104 possessing <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> (serogroups O104 and/or O8/O9/O9a) based on the culture method and <i>wzx</i>_O104-positive isolates that tested positive for <i>wbdD</i>_O8/O9/O9a (serogroups O8/O9/O9a) or negative for <i>wbdD</i>_O8/O9/O9a (serogroup O104).

<p>Number of fecal samples from feedlot cattle positive for <i>wzx</i>_O104 possessing <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> (serogroups O104 and/or O8/O9/O9a) based on the culture method and <i>wzx</i>_O104-positive isolates that tested positive for <i>wbdD</i>_O8/O9/O9a (serogroups O8/O9/O9a) or negative for <i>wbdD</i>_O8/O9/O9a (serogroup O104).</p

Target genes, primer sequences used and size of amplicons in PCR assays.

<p>Target genes, primer sequences used and size of amplicons in PCR assays.</p

<i>In silico</i> restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) subtyping of Shiga toxin genes of O104 isolates.

<p>(A) RFLP pattern of Shiga toxin of an O104 isolate; (B) RFLP pattern of <i>stx</i>1c of a reference sequence (Accession no. DQ449666.1); (C) RFLP pattern of <i>stx</i>1a of a reference sequence (Accession no. M16625.1); (D) RFLP pattern of <i>stx</i>1d of a reference sequence (Accession no. AY170851.1)</p

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-based clustering of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O104 strains from cattle feces and human clinical strains (O104:H4; O104:H21; and O104:H7).

<p>Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-based clustering of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O104 strains from cattle feces and human clinical strains (O104:H4; O104:H21; and O104:H7).</p