Two-loop Integrability of Planar N=6 Superconformal Chern-Simons Theory

Bethe ansatz equations have been proposed for the asymptotic spectral problem of AdS_4/CFT_3. This proposal assumes integrability, but the previous verification of weak-coupling integrability covered only the su(4) sector of the ABJM gauge theory. Here we derive the complete planar two-loop dilatation generator of N=6 superconformal Chern-Simons theory from osp(6|4) superconformal symmetry. For the osp(4|2) sector, we prove integrability through a Yangian construction. We argue that integrability extends to the full planar two-loop dilatation generator, confirming the applicability of the Bethe equations at weak coupling. Further confirmation follows from an analytic computation of the two-loop twist-one spectrum.Comment: 45 pages, v2: typos in (D.9) fixed, reference added, many small change

Yangian Symmetry at Two Loops for the su(2|1) Sector of N=4 SYM

We present the perturbative Yangian symmetry at next-to-leading order in the su(2|1) sector of planar N=4 SYM. Just like the ordinary symmetry generators, the bi-local Yangian charges receive corrections acting on several neighboring sites. We confirm that the bi-local Yangian charges satisfy the necessary conditions: they transform in the adjoint of su(2|1), they commute with the dilatation generator, and they satisfy the Serre relations. This proves that the sector is integrable at two loops.Comment: 13 pages, v2: minor correction

The Complete One-Loop Dilation Operator of N=2 SuperConformal QCD

We evaluate the full planar one-loop dilation operator of N=2 SuperConformal QCD, the SU(N_c) super Yang-Mills theory with N_f = 2 N_c fundamental hypermultiplets, in the flavor-singlet sector. Remarkably, the spin-chain Hamiltonian turns out to be completely fixed by superconformal symmetry, as in N=4 SYM. We present a more general calculation, for the superconformal quiver theory with SU(N_c)X SU(N_c) gauge group, which interpolates between N=2 SCQCD and the Z_2 orbifold of N=4 SYM; here symmetry fixes the Hamiltonian up to a single parameter, corresponding to the ratio of the two marginal gauge couplings.Comment: v2: typo corrected, cosmetic changes. JHEP versio

On Symmetry Enhancement in the psu(1,1|2) Sector of N=4 SYM

Strong evidence indicates that the spectrum of planar anomalous dimensions of N=4 super Yang-Mills theory is given asymptotically by Bethe equations. A curious observation is that the Bethe equations for the psu(1,1|2) subsector lead to very large degeneracies of 2^M multiplets, which apparently do not follow from conventional integrable structures. In this article, we explain such degeneracies by constructing suitable conserved nonlocal generators acting on the spin chain. We propose that they generate a subalgebra of the loop algebra for the su(2) automorphism of psu(1,1|2). Then the degenerate multiplets of size 2^M transform in irreducible tensor products of M two-dimensional evaluation representations of the loop algebra.Comment: 35 pages, v2: references added, sign inconsistency resolved in (5.5,5.6), v3: Section 3.4 on Hamiltonian added, minor improvements, to appear in JHE

From Scattering Amplitudes to the Dilatation Generator in N=4 SYM

The complete spin chain representation of the planar N=4 SYM dilatation generator has long been known at one loop, where it involves leading nearest-neighbor 2 -> 2 interactions. In this work we use superconformal symmetry to derive the unique solution for the leading L -> 2 interactions of the planar dilatation generator for arbitrarily large L. We then propose that these interactions are given by the scattering operator that has N=4 SYM tree-level scattering amplitudes as matrix elements. We provide compelling evidence for this proposal, including explicit checks for L=2,3 and a proof of consistency with superconformal symmetry.Comment: 39 pages, v2: reference added and minor changes, published versio

Specialized odorant receptors in social insects that detect cuticular hydrocarbon cues and candidate pheromones.

Eusocial insects use cuticular hydrocarbons as components of pheromones that mediate social behaviours, such as caste and nestmate recognition, and regulation of reproduction. In ants such as Harpegnathos saltator, the queen produces a pheromone which suppresses the development of workers' ovaries and if she is removed, workers can transition to a reproductive state known as gamergate. Here we functionally characterize a subfamily of odorant receptors (Ors) with a nine-exon gene structure that have undergone a massive expansion in ants and other eusocial insects. We deorphanize 22 representative members and find they can detect cuticular hydrocarbons from different ant castes, with one (HsOr263) that responds strongly to gamergate extract and a candidate queen pheromone component. After systematic testing with a diverse panel of hydrocarbons, we find that most Harpegnathos saltator Ors are narrowly tuned, suggesting that several receptors must contribute to detection and discrimination of different cuticular hydrocarbons important in mediating eusocial behaviour.Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) mediate the interactions between individuals in eusocial insects, but the sensory receptors for CHCs are unclear. Here the authors show that in ants such as H. saltator, the 9-exon subfamily of odorant receptors (HsOrs) responds to CHCs, and ectopic expression of HsOrs in Drosophila neurons imparts responsiveness to CHCs

NCI-MATCH Arms N & P: Phase II study of PI3K beta inhibitor GSK2636771 in patients (pts) with cancers (ca) with PTEN mutation/deletion (mut/del) or PTEN protein loss

Background: The NCI-MATCH trial is the largest national study (1173 sites) for ptswith relapsed/ refractory solid tumors, lymphomas and myeloma, which assigns tar-geted therapies based on individual tumor molecular alterations detected using theadapted Oncomine AmpliSeq panel (143 genes) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).We hypothesized that patients with PTEN-deficient cancers enrolled to Arms N and Pmay benefit from treatment with the PI3K beta-selective inhibitor GSK2636771. Methods: Eligibility: relapsed/refractory ca, good end-organ function, and ECOG PS ≤ 1. Pts were screened for molecular alterations by centralized testing on fresh tumor biopsy and had deleterious PTEN mut/del without loss of expression (Arm N) or complete loss of cytoplasmic and nuclear PTEN staining on IHC (Arm P), and no other aberrations activating the PI3K/MTOR and MAPK pathways (mut in PIK3CA, PIK3R1, BRAF, KRAS, AKT1, TSC1/2, mTOR, RHEB, NF2, NRAS, HRAS). Pts received GSK2636771 400mg/day (28-days cycles). RECIST 1.1 overall response rate (ORR) was the primary endpoint. Results: Of 59 enrolled pts, 56 were eligible and received treatment. Of 22 pts with PTEN mut/del (Arm N: 6 uterine, 2 breast, 2 prostate, 2 head/neck ca, 10 other), all are off treatment as of analysis (14 disease progression, 4 for adverse events [AEs], 4 other). One pt (4.5%) with prostate ca (PTEN deletion, MPRSS2-ERG fusion) attained a partial response (-42%). Of 7 (32%) pts with stable disease (SD), 2 had SD \u3e 6 months (uterine leiomyosarcoma; endometrial carcinoma). Of 34 pts with loss of PTEN protein by IHC (Arm P: 7 prostate, 6 breast, 3 squamous anal ca, 2 cholangiocarcinoma, 16 other), all are off treatment as of analysis (26 disease progression, 4 for AE, 4 other). Of 9 (37.5%) pts with SD, 3 had SD \u3e 6 months (prostate cancer; squamous bladder cancer, squamous anal cancer). Median progression-free survival was 1.8 months for both arms. Gr ≥ 3 treatment-related (tr) reversible toxicities were experienced by 30% (7) and 20% (7) of pts in arms N and P, respectively. No tr Gr 5 toxicities were observed in either arm. Conclusions: Single agent GSK2636771 has very modest activity in ca with PTEN gene mutation/deletion and/or PTEN protein loss

Long-Range Deformations for Integrable Spin Chains

We present a recursion relation for the explicit construction of integrable spin chain Hamiltonians with long-range interactions. Based on arbitrary short-range (e.g. nearest-neighbor) integrable spin chains, it allows to construct an infinite set of conserved long-range charges. We explain the moduli space of deformation parameters by different classes of generating operators. The rapidity map and dressing phase in the long-range Bethe equations are a result of these deformations. The closed chain asymptotic Bethe equations for long-range spin chains transforming under a generic symmetry algebra are derived. Notably, our construction applies to generalizations of standard nearest-neighbor chains such as alternating spin chains. We also discuss relevant properties for its application to planar D=4, N=4 and D=3, N=6 supersymmetric gauge theories. Finally, we present a map between long-range and inhomogeneous spin chains delivering more insight into the structures of these models as well as their limitations at wrapping order.Comment: 63 pages, v2: references added, v3: typos corrected in eqs (8.20) and (8.24

Integrability and Transcendentality

We derive the two-loop Bethe ansatz for the sl(2) twist operator sector of N=4 gauge theory directly from the field theory. We then analyze a recently proposed perturbative asymptotic all-loop Bethe ansatz in the limit of large spacetime spin at large but finite twist, and find a novel all-loop scaling function. This function obeys the Kotikov-Lipatov transcendentality principle and does not depend on the twist. Under the assumption that one may extrapolate back to leading twist, our result yields an all-loop prediction for the large-spin anomalous dimensions of twist-two operators. The latter also appears as an undetermined function in a recent conjecture of Bern, Dixon and Smirnov for the all-loop structure of the maximally helicity violating (MHV) n-point gluon amplitudes of N=4 gauge theory. This potentially establishes a direct link between the worldsheet and the spacetime S-matrix approach. A further assumption for the validity of our prediction is that perturbative BMN (Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase) scaling does not break down at four loops, or beyond. We also discuss how the result gets modified if BMN scaling does break down. Finally, we show that our result qualitatively agrees at strong coupling with a prediction of string theory.Comment: 45 pages LaTeX, 3 postscript figures. v2: Chapter on BMN scaling and transcendentality added. v3: version accepted for publication in JSTA

Association of Complement and MAPK Activation With SARS-CoV-2-Associated Myocardial Inflammation

IMPORTANCE Myocardial injury is a common feature of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the cardiac inflammatory processes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are not completely understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the inflammatory cardiac phenotype associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with viralmyocarditis, immune-mediatedmyocarditis, and noninflammatory cardiomyopathy by integrating histologic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiling. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case serieswas a cooperative study between the Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital Munich and the Cardiopathology Referral Center at the University of Tubingen in Germany. A cohort of 19 patients with suspectedmyocarditis was examined; of those, 5 patients were hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection between March and May 2020. Cardiac tissue specimens from those 5 patients were compared with specimens from 5 patients with immune-mediatedmyocarditis, 4 patients with non-SARS-CoV-2 viralmyocarditis, and 5 patients with noninflammatory cardiomyopathy, collected from January to August 2019. EXPOSURES Endomyocardial biopsy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The inflammatory cardiac phenotypeswere measured by immunohistologic analysis, RNA exome capture sequencing, and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of endomyocardial biopsy specimens. RESULTS Among 19 participants, the median age was 58 years (range, 37-76 years), and 15 individuals (79%) were male. Data on race and ethnicity were not collected. The abundance of CD163+ macrophages was generally higher in the cardiac tissue of patients with myocarditis, whereas lymphocyte counts were lower in the tissue of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection vs patients with non-SARS-CoV-2 virus-associated and immune-mediatedmyocarditis. Among those with SARS-CoV-2 infection, components of the complement cascade, including C1q subunits (transcriptomic analysis: 2.5-fold to 3.6-fold increase; proteomic analysis: 2.0-fold to 3.4-fold increase) and serine/cysteine proteinase inhibitor clade G member 1 (transcriptomic analysis: 1.7-fold increase; proteomic analysis: 2.6-fold increase), belonged to the most commonly upregulated transcripts and differentially abundant proteins. In cardiac macrophages, the abundance of C1q was highest in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Assessment of important signaling cascades identified an upregulation of the serine/threonine mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This case series found that the cardiac immune signature varied in inflammatory conditions with different etiologic characteristics. Future studies are needed to examine the role of these immune pathways inmyocardial inflammation