15 research outputs found
Greenland surface mass-balance observations from the ice-sheet ablation area and local glaciers
Glacier surface mass-balance measurements on Greenland started more than a century ago, but no compilation exists of the observations from the ablation area of the ice sheet and local glaciers. Such data could be used in the evaluation of modelled surface mass balance, or to document changes in glacier melt independently from model output. Here, we present a comprehensive database of Greenland glacier surface mass-balance observations from the ablation area of the ice sheet and local glaciers. The database spans the 123 a from 1892 to 2015, contains a total of similar to 3000 measurements from 46 sites, and is openly accessible through the PROMICE web portal (http://www.promice.dk). For each measurement we provide X, Y and Z coordinates, starting and ending dates as well as quality flags. We give sources for each entry and for all metadata. Two thirds of the data were collected from grey literature and unpublished archive documents. Roughly 60% of the measurements were performed by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS, previously GGU). The data cover all regions of Greenland except for the southernmost part of the east coast, but also emphasize the importance of long-term time series of which there are only two exceeding 20 a. We use the data to analyse uncertainties in point measurements of surface mass balance, as well as to estimate surface mass-balance profiles for most regions of Greenland
Tevatron Run II combination of the effective leptonic electroweak mixing angle
Drell-Yan lepton pairs produced in the process pp→â.,"+â.,"-+X through an intermediate γ∗/Z boson have an asymmetry in their angular distribution related to the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the electroweak force and the associated mixing of its neutral gauge bosons. The CDF and D0 experiments have measured the effective-leptonic electroweak mixing parameter sin2θefflept using electron and muon pairs selected from the full Tevatron proton-antiproton data sets collected in 2001-2011, corresponding to 9-10 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. The combination of these measurements yields the most precise result from hadron colliders, sin2θefflept=0.23148±0.00033. This result is consistent with, and approaches in precision, the best measurements from electron-positron colliders. The standard model inference of the on-shell electroweak mixing parameter sin2θW, or equivalently the W-boson mass MW, using the zfitter software package yields sin2θW=0.22324±0.00033 or equivalently, MW=80.367±0.017 GeV/c2
SCORE2 risk prediction algorithms: new models to estimate 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Europe
Aims The aim of this study was to develop, validate, and illustrate an
updated prediction model (SCORE2) to estimate 10-year fatal and
non-fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in individuals without
previous CVD or diabetes aged 40-69 years in Europe.
Methods and results We derived risk prediction models using
individual-participant data from 45 cohorts in 13 countries (677 684
individuals, 30 121 CVD events). We used sex-specific and competing
risk-adjusted models, including age, smoking status, systolic blood
pressure, and total- and HDL-cholesterol. We defined four risk regions
in Europe according to country-specific CVD mortality, recalibrating
models to each region using expected incidences and risk factor
distributions. Region-specific incidence was estimated using CVD
mortality and incidence data on 10 776 466 individuals. For external
validation, we analysed data from 25 additional cohorts in 15 European
countries (1 133 181 individuals, 43 492 CVD events). After applying the
derived risk prediction models to external validation cohorts, C-indices
ranged from 0.67 (0.65-0.68) to 0.81 (0.76-0.86). Predicted CVD risk
varied several-fold across European regions. For example, the estimated
10-year CVD risk for a 50-year-old smoker, with a systolic blood
pressure of 140 mmHg, total cholesterol of 5.5 mmol/L, and
HDL-cholesterol of 1.3 mmol/L, ranged from 5.9% for men in low- risk
countries to 14.0% for men in very high-risk countries, and from 4.2%
for women in low-risk countries to 13.7% for women in very high-risk
countries.
Conclusion SCORE2-a new algorithm derived, calibrated, and validated to
predict 10-year risk of first-onset CVD in European populations-enhances
the identification of individuals at higher risk of developing CVD
across Europe