70,304 research outputs found
Effect of cluster scavenging on homogeneous nucleation
A closed‐form expression for the effect of cluster scavenging on the rate of homogeneous nucleation of a vapor in the presence of continuum regime particles is obtained by solving the kinetic equation of nucleation by the method of singular perturbation. The reduction in nucleation rate of a condensing species at a given supersaturation is shown to be dependent largely on the number concentration, the size of the sink particles, and the molecular number concentration of the background gas. The reduction in the rate of nucleation due to the cluster scavenging by transition regime particles is also discussed
Topological Phenomena in Classical Optical Networks
We propose a scheme to realize a topological insulator with optical-passive
elements, and analyze the effects of Kerr-nonlinearities in its topological
behavior. In the linear regime, our design gives rise to an optical spectrum
with topological features and where the bandwidths and bandgaps are
dramatically broadened. The resulting edge modes cover a very wide frequency
range. We relate this behavior to the fact that the effective Hamiltonian
describing the system's amplitudes is long-range. We also develop a method to
analyze the scheme in the presence of a Kerr medium. We assess robustness and
stability of the topological features, and predict the presence of chiral
squeezed fluctuations at the edges in some parameter regimes.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure
Two-photon transport through a waveguide coupling to a whispering gallery resonator containing an atom and photon-blockade effect
We investigate the two-photon transport through a waveguide side-coupling to
a whispering-gallery-atom system. Using the Lehmann-Symanzik-Zimmermann (LSZ)
reduction approach, we present the general formula for the two-photon processes
including the two-photon scattering matrices, the wavefunctions and the second
order correlation functions of the out-going photons. Based on the exact
results of the second order correlation functions, we analyze the quantum
statistics behaviors of the out-going photons for two different cases: (a) the
ideal case without the inter-modal coupling in the whispering gallery
resonator; (b) the case in the presence of the inter-modal coupling which leads
to more complex nonlinear behavior. In the ideal case, we show that the system
consists of two independent scattering pathways, a free pathway by a cavity
mode without atomic excitation, and a "Jaynes-Cummings" pathway described by
the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian of a single-mode cavity coupling to an atom.
The free pathway does not contribution to correlated two-photon processes. In
the presence of intermodal mixing, the system no longer exhibit a free resonant
pathway. Instead, both the single-photon and the two photon transport
properties depend on the position of the atom. Thus, in the presence of
intermodal mixing one can in fact tune the photon correlation properties by
changing the position of the atom. Our formalism can be used to treat resonator
and cavity dissipation as well.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Homogeneous nucleation in spatially inhomogeneous systems
Homogeneous nucleation of a vapor in the presence of the loss of clusters by diffusion and
thermophoretic drift is investigated. Analytical results are obtained for the cluster size
distribution and the rate of nucleation by solving the modified kinetic equation for nucleation.
The implications of cluster loss by diffusion and phoretic drift on the onset of the homogeneous
nucleation of silicon vapor in the horizontal epitaxial chemical vapor deposition reactor is
discussed. The range of conditions under which the loss of subcritical clusters by diffusion and
drift becomes important for the interpretation of diffusion cloud chamber experimental data of
the onset conditions of the homogeneous nucleation of vapors is also delineated
Orthogonal learning particle swarm optimization
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) relies on its
learning strategy to guide its search direction. Traditionally,
each particle utilizes its historical best experience and its neighborhood’s
best experience through linear summation. Such a
learning strategy is easy to use, but is inefficient when searching
in complex problem spaces. Hence, designing learning strategies
that can utilize previous search information (experience) more
efficiently has become one of the most salient and active PSO
research topics. In this paper, we proposes an orthogonal learning
(OL) strategy for PSO to discover more useful information that
lies in the above two experiences via orthogonal experimental
design. We name this PSO as orthogonal learning particle swarm
optimization (OLPSO). The OL strategy can guide particles to
fly in better directions by constructing a much promising and
efficient exemplar. The OL strategy can be applied to PSO with
any topological structure. In this paper, it is applied to both global
and local versions of PSO, yielding the OLPSO-G and OLPSOL
algorithms, respectively. This new learning strategy and the
new algorithms are tested on a set of 16 benchmark functions, and
are compared with other PSO algorithms and some state of the
art evolutionary algorithms. The experimental results illustrate
the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed learning strategy
and algorithms. The comparisons show that OLPSO significantly
improves the performance of PSO, offering faster global convergence,
higher solution quality, and stronger robustness
The Spin Stiffness and the Transverse Susceptibility of the Half-filled Hubbard Model
The spin stiffness and the transverse susceptibility of the square lattice half-filled Hubbard model are calculated as a
function of the Hubbard parameter ratio by series expansions around the
Ising limit. We find that the calculated spin-stiffness, transverse
susceptibility, and sublattice magnetization for the Hubbard model smoothly
approach the Heisenberg values for large . The results are compared for
different with RPA and other numerical studies.Comment: 9 Revtex pages, 3 Postscript figures, Europhys. Lett. in pres
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