19,114 research outputs found
Subthreshold characteristics of pentacene field-effect transistors influenced by grain boundaries.
Grain boundaries in polycrystalline pentacene films significantly affect the electrical characteristics of pentacene field-effect transistors (FETs). Upon reversal of the gate voltage sweep direction, pentacene FETs exhibited hysteretic behaviours in the subthreshold region, which was more pronounced for the FET having smaller pentacene grains. No shift in the flat-band voltage of the metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitor elucidates that the observed hysteresis was mainly caused by the influence of localized trap states existing at pentacene grain boundaries. From the results of continuous on/off switching operation of the pentacene FETs, hole depletion during the off period is found to be limited by pentacene grain boundaries. It is suggested that the polycrystalline nature of a pentacene film plays an important role on the dynamic characteristics of pentacene FETs
Numerical Simulations of Flows over a Forced Oscillating Cylinder
A numerical study of incompressible laminar flow past a circular cylinder forced to oscillate longitudinally, transversely and at an angle to the uniform freestream is performed using the dynamic mesh method. The simulations are conducted at a fixed Reynolds number of 80 with amplitude ratios varying between 0.14 to 0.50 and excitation frequency ratios of 0.05 to 3.0. Good agreement to previous experimental and numerical investigations is achieved in the prediction of the lock-on range, force amplifications and vortex shedding modes for longitudinal and transverse oscillations. For excitations at an angle of 60 degrees relative to the oncoming flow, previously identified modes of AI and, AII were successfully predicted. In addition, at higher amplitude ratios the entire synchronised von Karman wake street displayed a deviating effect from the centreline. Analysis of the wake response via phase plane diagrams and the transverse force coefficients revealed two lock-on regions. The extents of these lock-on regions, and the variation of the forces and near wake vortex shedding modes are presented and discussed herein
Discriminating among the theoretical origins of new heavy Majorana neutrinos at the CERN LHC
A study on the possibility of distinguishing new heavy Majorana neutrino
models at LHC energies is presented. The experimental confirmation of standard
neutrinos with non-zero mass and the theoretical possibility of lepton number
violation find a natural explanation when new heavy Majorana neutrinos exist.
These new neutrinos appear in models with new right-handed singlets, in new
doublets of some grand unified theories and left-right symmetrical models. It
is expected that signals of new particles can be found at the CERN high-energy
hadron collider (LHC). We present signatures and distributions that can
indicate the theoretical origin of these new particles. The single and pair
production of heavy Majorana neutrinos are calculated and the model dependence
is discussed. Same-sign dileptons in the final state provide a clear signal for
the Majorana nature of heavy neutrinos, since there is lepton number violation.
Mass bounds on heavy Majorana neutrinos allowing model discrimination are
estimated for three different LHC luminosities.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Extending the Performance Limit of Anodes: Insights from Diffusion Kinetics of Alloying Anodes
Alloying anodes have long attracted attention as promising candidate electrodes for application in gridâlevel energy storage systems owing to their high energy capacity. Alloying anodeâbased batteries, however, remain far from practical applications, which require several issues affecting cell performance to be addressed. The large volumetric expansion of anodes and associated phenomena that occur during battery cycling are the main reasons for the poor electrochemical performance of alloying anodes. These electrochemical behaviors of alloying anodes originate from the reactions between the unreacted anode material and inflowing carrier ions. Thus, the diffusion kinetics play a key role in determining the electrochemical properties of alloying anodes. Recent advances in analytical instruments and atomic simulations offer new approaches for interpreting anode performance. Beginning with a brief historical background, this review presents an overview of the origin of diffusion kinetics and how this concept has been extended to alloying anodes. Accordingly, the relationship between the diffusion kinetics and electrochemical performance of alloying anodes is discussed, combined with efficient strategies that can be adopted to improve electrochemical properties. Finally, a design overview of nextâgeneration alloying anodes that can extend the batteriesâ performance limit is proposed
Dirac and Majorana heavy neutrinos at LEP II
The possibility of detecting single heavy Dirac and Majorana neutrinos at LEP
II is investigated for heavy neutrino masses in the range . We study the process as a clear signature for heavy neutrinos. Numerical estimates for
cross sections and distributions for the signal and the background are
calculated and a Monte Carlo reconstruction of final state particles after
hadronization is presented.Comment: 4 pages, 8 figure
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