107 research outputs found
Efficient N-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors and Field-Effect Transistors Based on PNDI-Copolymers Bearing Fluorinated Selenophene-Vinylene-Selenophenes
n-Type organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are less developed than their p-type counterparts. Herein, polynaphthalenediimide (PNDI)-based copolymers bearing novel fluorinated selenophene-vinylene-selenophene (FSVS) units as efficient materials for both n-type OECTs and n-type OFETs are reported. The PNDI polymers with oligo(ethylene glycol) (EG7) side chains P(NDIEG7-FSVS), affords a high ”C* of > 0.2 F cmâ1 Vâ1 sâ1, outperforming the benchmark n-type Pg4NDI-T2 and Pg4NDI-gT2 by two orders of magnitude. The deep-lying LUMO of â4.63 eV endows P(NDIEG7-FSVS) with an ultra-low threshold voltage of 0.16 V. Moreover, the conjugated polymer with octyldodecyl (OD) side chains P(NDIOD-FSVS) exhibits a surprisingly low energetic disorder with an Urbach energy of 36 meV and an ultra-low activation energy of 39 meV, resulting in high electron mobility of up to 0.32 cm2 Vâ1 sâ1 in n-type OFETs. These results demonstrate the great potential for simultaneously achieving a lower LUMO and a tighter intermolecular packing for the next-generation efficient n-type organic electronics
Efficacy and safety of dronedarone versus placebo in patients with atrial fibrillation stratified according to renal function: Post hoc analyses of the EURIDIS-ADONIS trials
BACKGROUND: The use of antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complex because impaired renal clearance can cause increased drug levels, and risk of intolerance or adverse events. Due to the propensity for CKD to occur alongside atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF/AFL), it is essential that AAD safety and efficacy are assessed for patients with CKD. HYPOTHESIS: Dronedarone, an approved AAD, may present a suitable therapeutic option for patients with AF/AFL and concomitant CKD. METHODS: EURIDISâADONIS (EURIDIS, NCT00259428; ADONIS, NCT00259376) were identically designed, multicenter, doubleâblind, parallelâgroup trials investigating AF/AFL control with dronedarone 400âmg twice daily versus placebo (randomized 2:1). In this post hoc analysis, the primary endpoint was time to first AF/AFL. Patients were stratified according to renal function using the CKDâEpidemiology Collaboration equation and divided into estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) subgroups of 30â44, 45â59, 60â89, and â„90âml/min. Timeâtoâevents between treatment groups were compared using logârank testing and Cox regression. RESULTS: At baseline, most (86%) patients demonstrated a mild or mildâtoâmoderate eGFR decrease. Median time to first AF/AFL recurrence was significantly longer with dronedarone versus placebo for all eGFR subgroups except the 30 to 44 ml/min group, where the trend was similar but statistical power may have been limited by the small population. eGFR stratification had no significant effect on serious adverse events, deaths, or treatment discontinuations. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis suggests that dronedarone could be an effective therapeutic option for AF with an acceptable safety profile in patients with impaired renal function
Influence of Processing Solvents on Optical Properties and Morphology of a Semicrystalline Low Bandgap Polymer in the Neutral and Charged States
International audienc
Age-dependent genetic variance in a life-history trait in the mute swan
Genetic variance in characters under natural selection in natural populations determines the way those populations respond to that selection. Whether populations show temporal and/or spatial constancy in patterns of genetic variance and covariance is regularly considered, as this will determine whether selection responses are constant over space and time. Much less often considered is whether characters show differing amounts of genetic variance over the life-history of individuals. Such age-specific variation, if present, has important potential consequences for the force of natural selection and for understanding the causes of variation in quantitative characters. Using data from a long-term study of the mute swan Cygnus olor, we report the partitioning of phenotypic variance in timing of breeding (subject to strong natural selection) into component parts over 12 different age classes. We show that the additive genetic variance and heritability of this trait are strongly age-dependent, with higher additive genetic variance present in young and, particularly, old birds, but little evidence of any genetic variance for birds of intermediate ages. These results demonstrate that age can have a very important influence on the components of variation of characters in natural populations, and consequently that separate age classes cannot be assumed to be equivalent, either with respect to their evolutionary potential or response
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