105 research outputs found
Quelques propriétés des plongements Lagrangiens
Tesis (Licenciado en Comunicación)--Universidad de Piura. Facultad de Comunicación, 2012.Introducción. Cap. I: La prudencia en la actividad informativa. Cap. II: El reconocimiento de la persona: acto previo a la prudencia en la información. Cap. III: La prudencia en la inmediatez del acto informativo. Conclusiones. Anexos.La presente investigación busca destacar el rol de la prudencia frente a la exigencia de inmediatez del acto informativo. Para lograr este cometido consideramos indispensable empezar indagando en el aspecto intelectual de la información y los actos del proceso informativo. Si afirmamos que la prudencia es un hábito intelectual, es importante destacar que la información sigue a un trabajo racional. Finalmente, sostenemos que solo a través de la prudencia es posible medir correctamente la realidad para informarla. Se puede señalar que el informador o es prudente o no alcanzará propiamente información. La información mide la realidad y solo a través de la prudencia se podrá medir adecuadamente la realidad
On iterated translated points for contactomorphisms of R^{2n+1} and R^{2n} x S^1
A point q in a contact manifold is called a translated point for a
contactomorphism \phi, with respect to some fixed contact form, if \phi (q) and
q belong to the same Reeb orbit and the contact form is preserved at q. The
problem of existence of translated points is related to the chord conjecture
and to the problem of leafwise coisotropic intersections. In the case of a
compactly supported contactomorphism of R^{2n+1} or R^{2n} x S^1 contact
isotopic to the identity, existence of translated points follows immediately
from Chekanov's theorem on critical points of quasi-functions and Bhupal's
graph construction. In this article we prove that if \phi is positive then
there are infinitely many non-trivial geometrically distinct iterated
translated points, i.e. translated points of some iteration \phi^k. This result
can be seen as a (partial) contact analogue of the result of Viterbo on
existence of infinitely many iterated fixed points for compactly supported
Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms of R^{2n}, and is obtained with generating
functions techniques in the setting of arXiv:0901.3112.Comment: 10 pages, revised version. I removed the discussion on linear growth
of iterated translated points, because it contained a mistake. To appear in
the International Journal of Mathematic
Slow Diffeomorphisms of a Manifold with Two Dimensions Torus Action
The uniform norm of the differential of the n-th iteration of a
diffeomorphism is called the growth sequence of the diffeomorphism. In this
paper we show that there is no lower universal growth bound for volume
preserving diffeomorphisms on manifolds with an effective two dimensions torus
action by constructing a set of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms with
arbitrarily slow growth.Comment: 12 p
Sur le lemme de Brody
Brody's lemma is a basic tool in complex hyperbolicity. We present a version
of it making more precise the localization of an entire curve coming from a
diverging sequence of holomorphic discs. As a byproduct we characterize
hyperbolicity in terms of an isoperimetric inequality
Upper semi-continuity of the Royden-Kobayashi pseudo-norm, a counterexample for H\"olderian almost complex structures
If is an almost complex manifold, with an almost complex structure of
class \CC^\alpha, for some , for every point and every
tangent vector at , there exists a germ of -holomorphic disc through
with this prescribed tangent vector. This existence result goes back to
Nijenhuis-Woolf. All the holomorphic curves are of class \CC^{1,\alpha}
in this case.
Then, exactly as for complex manifolds one can define the Royden-Kobayashi
pseudo-norm of tangent vectors. The question arises whether this pseudo-norm is
an upper semi-continuous function on the tangent bundle. For complex manifolds
it is the crucial point in Royden's proof of the equivalence of the two
standard definitions of the Kobayashi pseudo-metric. The upper semi-continuity
of the Royden-Kobayashi pseudo-norm has been established by Kruglikov for
structures that are smooth enough. In [I-R], it is shown that \CC^{1,\alpha}
regularity of is enough.
Here we show the following:
Theorem. There exists an almost complex structure of class \CC^{1\over
2} on the unit bidisc \D^2\subset \C^2, such that the Royden-Kobayashi
seudo-norm is not an upper semi-continuous function on the tangent bundle.Comment: 5 page
Polydispersity and ordered phases in solutions of rodlike macromolecules
We apply density functional theory to study the influence of polydispersity
on the stability of columnar, smectic and solid ordering in the solutions of
rodlike macromolecules. For sufficiently large length polydispersity (standard
deviation ) a direct first-order nematic-columnar transition is
found, while for smaller there is a continuous nematic-smectic and
first-order smectic-columnar transition. For increasing polydispersity the
columnar structure is stabilized with respect to solid perturbations. The
length distribution of macromolecules changes neither at the nematic-smectic
nor at the nematic-columnar transition, but it does change at the
smectic-columnar phase transition. We also study the phase behaviour of binary
mixtures, in which the nematic-smectic transition is again found to be
continuous. Demixing according to rod length in the smectic phase is always
preempted by transitions to solid or columnar ordering.Comment: 13 pages (TeX), 2 Postscript figures uuencode
Repulsive Forces Between Looping Chromosomes Induce Entropy-Driven Segregation
One striking feature of chromatin organization is that chromosomes are compartmentalized into distinct territories during interphase, the degree of intermingling being much smaller than expected for linear chains. A growing body of evidence indicates that the formation of loops plays a dominant role in transcriptional regulation as well as the entropic organization of interphase chromosomes. Using a recently proposed model, we quantitatively determine the entropic forces between chromosomes. This Dynamic Loop Model assumes that loops form solely on the basis of diffusional motion without invoking other long-range interactions. We find that introducing loops into the structure of chromatin results in a multi-fold higher repulsion between chromosomes compared to linear chains. Strong effects are observed for the tendency of a non-random alignment; the overlap volume between chromosomes decays fast with increasing loop number. Our results suggest that the formation of chromatin loops imposes both compartmentalization as well as order on the system without requiring additional energy-consuming processes
Hi-C-constrained physical models of human chromosomes recover functionally-related properties of genome organization
Combining genome-wide structural models with phenomenological data is at the forefront of efforts to understand the organizational principles regulating the human genome. Here, we use chromosome-chromosome contact data as knowledge-based constraints for large-scale three-dimensional models of the human diploid genome. The resulting models remain minimally entangled and acquire several functional features that are observed in vivo and that were never used as input for the model. We find, for instance, that gene-rich, active regions are drawn towards the nuclear center, while gene poor and lamina associated domains are pushed to the periphery. These and other properties persist upon adding local contact constraints, suggesting their compatibility with non-local constraints for the genome organization. The results show that suitable combinations of data analysis and physical modelling can expose the unexpectedly rich functionally-related properties implicit in chromosome-chromosome contact data. Specific directions are suggested for further developments based on combining experimental data analysis and genomic structural modelling
Diffusion-Driven Looping Provides a Consistent Framework for Chromatin Organization
Chromatin folding inside the interphase nucleus of eukaryotic cells is done on multiple scales of length and time. Despite recent progress in understanding the folding motifs of chromatin, the higher-order structure still remains elusive. Various experimental studies reveal a tight connection between genome folding and function. Chromosomes fold into a confined subspace of the nucleus and form distinct territories. Chromatin looping seems to play a dominant role both in transcriptional regulation as well as in chromatin organization and has been assumed to be mediated by long-range interactions in many polymer models. However, it remains a crucial question which mechanisms are necessary to make two chromatin regions become co-located, i.e. have them in spatial proximity. We demonstrate that the formation of loops can be accomplished solely on the basis of diffusional motion. The probabilistic nature of temporary contacts mimics the effects of proteins, e.g. transcription factors, in the solvent. We establish testable quantitative predictions by deriving scale-independent measures for comparison to experimental data. In this Dynamic Loop (DL) model, the co-localization probability of distant elements is strongly increased compared to linear non-looping chains. The model correctly describes folding into a confined space as well as the experimentally observed cell-to-cell variation. Most importantly, at biological densities, model chromosomes occupy distinct territories showing less inter-chromosomal contacts than linear chains. Thus, dynamic diffusion-based looping, i.e. gene co-localization, provides a consistent framework for chromatin organization in eukaryotic interphase nuclei
Structure of Metaphase Chromosomes: A Role for Effects of Macromolecular Crowding
In metaphase chromosomes, chromatin is compacted to a concentration of several hundred mg/ml by mechanisms which remain elusive. Effects mediated by the ionic environment are considered most frequently because mono- and di-valent cations cause polynucleosome chains to form compact ∼30-nm diameter fibres in vitro, but this conformation is not detected in chromosomes in situ. A further unconsidered factor is predicted to influence the compaction of chromosomes, namely the forces which arise from crowding by macromolecules in the surrounding cytoplasm whose measured concentration is 100–200 mg/ml. To mimic these conditions, chromosomes were released from mitotic CHO cells in solutions containing an inert volume-occupying macromolecule (8 kDa polyethylene glycol, 10.5 kDa dextran, or 70 kDa Ficoll) in 100 µM K-Hepes buffer, with contaminating cations at only low micromolar concentrations. Optical and electron microscopy showed that these chromosomes conserved their characteristic structure and compaction, and their volume varied inversely with the concentration of a crowding macromolecule. They showed a canonical nucleosomal structure and contained the characteristic proteins topoisomerase IIα and the condensin subunit SMC2. These observations, together with evidence that the cytoplasm is crowded in vivo, suggest that macromolecular crowding effects should be considered a significant and perhaps major factor in compacting chromosomes. This model may explain why ∼30-nm fibres characteristic of cation-mediated compaction are not seen in chromosomes in situ. Considering that crowding by cytoplasmic macromolecules maintains the compaction of bacterial chromosomes and has been proposed to form the liquid crystalline chromosomes of dinoflagellates, a crowded environment may be an essential characteristic of all genomes
- …