The 2008 WHO-classification: small and big changes!

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The times have changed: molecular pathology is here to stay: A commentary on: Analytical performance of a PCR assay for the detection of KRAS mutations (codons 12/13 and 61) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of colorectal carcinoma, by Lee et al. In this issue

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Кодикография и Компьютер

This paper was presented at the "International Data Bases for Medieval Manuscript Studies" conference at Katholieke Universiteit, Nijmegen, September 1987.Albert Gruijs, professor of Ancillary Historical Disciplines, Katholieke Universiteit (Catholic University), Nijmegen; William R. Veder, professor of Slavic Philology, Katholieke Universiteit (Catholic University), NijmegenA. Gruijs and J. van Krieken - Katholieke Universiteit (Catholic University), NijmegenOn 1 August 1980, a research team was formed at the Catholic University (Nijmegen) to create a system for description and cataloguing of manuscripts, the PCC (= Producing Codicological Catalogues with the Aid of Computers) project under the direction of professors Albert Gruijs (Ancillary Historical Disciplines) and Cees Koster (Informatics); at the end of 1981, they were joined by professor William Veder (Slavic Philology). They reviewed all extant methods of manuscript description and cataloguing including all experiences in electronic recording and processing of the relevant data, and decided to create a comprehensive system that would satisfy certain requirements.... At the end of 1983, a Dutch version of the SDDR recording software was produced for use on Philips P 2000 and the portable Osborne M 1 PC's under the CP/M operating system; also, a Dutch user's manual for this part of the system was produced. At the same time, an extensive description of the codicological side of the system was published, the book "Codicografie en computer" (= Nijmeegse codicologische cahiers 1) Nijmegen (AI fa) 1983, the essentials of which are rendered here in parallel English and Russian text, the examples from Latin and Low German manuscripts being replaced simultaneously by examples from Slavic manuscripts.A brief summary of the project is given, followed by a long list of descriptive elements desirable for encoding manuscript descriptions. The article provides parallel text in both English and Russian

Evaluation of the 5th edition of the TNM classification for gastric cancer: improved prognostic value

The main change in the 5th edition (1997) of the TNM classification for gastric cancer compared to the 4th edition (1987) is the use of the number of involved nodes instead of the location of positive nodes. As a result stage grouping is also altered. A second change is the requirement for the examination of at least 15 nodes to justify the N0 status. Patients with fewer examined negative nodes are unclassifiable (Nx). Data were retrieved from a randomized trial database comparing D1 and D2 dissection and 633 curatively operated patients were included. According to the criteria of the 5th edition, 39% of the node-positive patients had another N stage compared to the 4th: 21% had a lower and 18% had a higher stage. 5-year survival rates according to the 4th edition N0, N1 and N2 groups were respectively 72%, 34% and 27%. According to the 5th edition these percentages were for the N0, N1, N2, N3 and Nx groups respectively 75%, 38%, 19%, 8% and 65%. The former 1987 N1 and N2 group were significantly split into three new N 1997 groups (P = 0.006, respectively P< 0.0005). The Cox's regression analysis showed the N 1997 classification to be the most important prognostic variable, with a higher prognostic value than N 1987. In addition, the new TNM stage was also a better prognosticator. The requirement for examining at least 15 nodes, however, could not be fulfilled in 38% of all node-negative patients and we found that a minimum of 5 consecutive negative lymph nodes is a reliable number for staging purposes. We conclude that the 5th edition of the TNM classification provides a better estimation of prognosis, however, examination of at least 15 negative regional lymph nodes is too high a threshold and 5 gives similar prognostic value. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co