The dollarization process in Mexico: 1983-1997

The purpose of this study is to analyze the extent of dollarization in the Mexican economy during the period 1983-1997. Dollarization is defined as the replacement of domestic currency for dollars as a store of value or for transaction purposes. In this study, a narrow definition of dollarization will be used as an estimate of the amount of dollars circulating in the Mexican economy. This measure includes only the dollar-denominated demand deposits held by businesses in Mexican banks, since the public is no longer allowed to hold this type of accounts and a better measure for the exact amount of dollars circulating in the Mexican economy is not available. This study will emphasize the effects of expected peso depreciations, peso devaluations, and political changes on the dollarization process

Tool-path effect on the geometric deviations in the machining of UNS A92024 aeronautic skins

Traditionally, aeronautics skins are being machined by chemical milling, a high-pollutant process. An efficient alternative to this technology is conventional machining. However, to ensure the parts machined with this process keeps the industrial quality controls, the effect of tool-path might be characterized, specially analyzing final thickness and roughness. In this paper, five different tool-paths have been applied under the same machining parameters in the dry milling of Al-Cu UNS A92024 thin plates. Machining time, final thickness and roughness have been evaluated. Most roughness and thickness results are under the industrial quality limits stablished for this type of parts.This work has received financial support from Spanish Goverment (Project DPI2015-71448-R), TECNALIA Research & Innovation and the University of Cadiz (University training plan UCA/REC01VI/2016)

Time scale ovarian maturation in Greenland halibut

In this paper possible evidence of a prolonged ovarian development phase in Greenland halibut is presented. The reproductive cycle in this species has been originally described based on the assumption that this phase should last about one year. The results of several years of analysis showed that there is more than one year between the mean age of females at the onset of the ovarian development and the mean age of actually spawning females. Two possible interpretations of this fact are discussed: the ovarian development phase (vitellogenesis) could last more than one year, and individual spawning does not necessarily occur on an annual basis as a consequence, or the incidence of non-spawning females every year could be very high. Both possibilities have important implications for the species’ reproductive potential and stock dynamics of this valuable deep water resource

Tumores óseos de la pelvis

Se presenta la experiencia del Servicio de Ortopedia del Adulto del Hospital «Ramón y Cajal», en neoplasias de la pelvis, desde su creación hasta la actualidad, siendo 61 los pacientes recogidos y no se hace un trabajo estadístico, sino más bien se muestran las peculiaridades recogidas con la experiencia, que abarca desde la abstención en algunos casos de tumores secundarios, y el simple curetage hasta las grandes sustituciones con homoinjertos de banco, relacionándolo a su vez con publicaciones de aparición más o menos moderna sobre este tema, para concluir que se trata de una cirugía no exenta de complicaciones y problemas, pero necesaria a la hora de proporcionar a los enfermos curaciones, que le ofrezcan una salida a este difícil problema.The experience of Adult Orthopaedics Unit at the Hospital «Ramón y Cajal», Madrid, treating patients with malignant tumors of the pelvic bons is presented. In this paper, the results after surgery are not reported in terms of statistical analysis. The aún of this work is to comment the surgical experience covering from simple curettage to great bone replacement using bank allografts. The message is that surgical treatment of pelvic tumors is not exent of complications, but it seems to be worth in order to offer a better quality of Ufe for patients

Spanish Research Report for 2021

Spanish catch and effort information used in this Report is based on the preliminary logbook data contributed by the Spanish Administration. The logbooks information for 2021 was available haul by haul. Total effort of the Spanish fleet in 2021 was 1,170 fishing days. Table 1 presents the preliminary Spanish catches by species and Division in 2021 in NAFO Regulatory Area. These catch figures are preliminary, the final catches to carry out the NAFO assessments will be agreed by the NAFO Joint Commission-Scientific Council Catch Estimation Strategy Advisory Group (CESAG)

Spanish Research Report for 2018.

Spanish catch and effort information used in this Report is based on the preliminary logbook data contributed by the Spanish Administration. The logbooks information for 2018 was available haul by haul. Table 1 presents the preliminary Spanish catches by species and Division in 2018 in NAFO Regulatory Area. Total effort of the Spanish fleet in 2018 was 1,082 fishing days. In 2018, IEO scientific observers were on board 279 fishing days that it means 26 % of the Spanish total effort. All length, age and biological information presented in this paper is based on sampling carried out by IEO scientific observers. In 2018, 425 samples were taken with 44,499 individuals of different species examined (Table 2)

Reversible Light-Induced Dimerization of Secondary Face Azobenzene-Functionalized β-Cyclodextrin Derivatives

β-cyclodextrin (βCyD) derivatives equipped with aromatic appendages at the secondary face exhibit tailorable self-assembling capabilities. The aromatic modules can participate in inclusion phenomena and/or aromatic-aromatic interactions. Supramolecular species can thus form that, at their turn, can engage in further co-assembling with third components in a highly regulated manner; the design of nonviral gene delivery systems is an illustrative example. Endowing such systems with stimuli responsiveness while keeping diastereomeric purity and a low synthetic effort is a highly wanted advancement. Here, we show that an azobenzene moiety can be “clicked” to a single secondary O-2 position of βCyD affording 1,2,3-triazole-linked βCyD-azobenzene derivatives that undergo reversible light-controlled self-organization into dimers where the monomer components face their secondary rims. Their photoswitching and supramolecular properties have been thoroughly characterized by UV-vis absorption, induced circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, and computational techniques. As model processes, the formation of inclusion complexes between a water-soluble triazolylazobenzene derivative and βCyD as well as the assembly of native βCyD/βCyD-azobenzene derivative heterodimers have been investigated in parallel. The stability of the host-guest supramolecules has been challenged against the competitor guest adamantylamine and the decrease of the medium polarity using methanol-water mixtures. The collective data support that the E-configured βCyD-azobenzene derivatives, in aqueous solution, form dimers stabilized by the interplay of aromatic-aromatic and aromatic-βCyD cavity interactions after partial reciprocal inclusion. Photoswitching to the Z-isomer disrupts the dimers into monomeric species, offering opportunity for the spatiotemporal control of the organizational status by light.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PID2019-105858RB-I00, PID2020-118403GB-I00, PID2020-118384GB-I00, PID2020-119130GB-I00Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional PID2021-124247OB-C21Junta de Andalucía P20_00166, US-1380698, P12-FQM-1467Universidad de Sevilla FPU18/02922, FPU19/0436

Spanish Research Report for 2020

within the National Program of collection, management and use of data in the fisheries sector and support for scientific advice regarding the Common Fisheries Policy.Spanish catch and effort information used in this Report is based on the preliminary logbook data contributed by the Spanish Administration. The logbooks information for 2020 was available haul by haul. Table 1 presents the preliminary Spanish catches by species and Division in 2020 in NAFO Regulatory Area. Total effort of the Spanish fleet in 2020 was 1,200 fishing days. In 2020, IEO scientific observers were on board 31 fishing days that it means 3 % of the Spanish total effort. All length, age and biological information presented in this paper is based on sampling carried out by IEO scientific observers. In 2020, 37 samples were taken with 4816 individuals of different species examined (Table 2).The collection of the data presented in this document has been funded by the European Union through the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF)Versión del editor

Síndrome de parkinsonismo-hiperpirexia

El síndrome parkinsonismo-hiperpirexia (SPH), también conocido como síndrome neuroléptico maligno-like, crisis acinética o síndrome dopaminérgico maligno, es una rara y potencialmente letal complicación de la enfermedad de Parkinson. Clínicamente se caracteriza por hipertermia, disfunción autonómica, alteración del nivel de la conciencia, rigidez muscular y elevación de los niveles séricos de CPK. En la mayoría de los casos este síndrome es desencadenado por cambios en la medicación antiparkinsoniana, sea su retirada o reducción de dosis de forma más o menos brusca. Reconocerlo a tiempo y tratarlo adecuadamente (levodopa y agonistas dopaminérgicos) son elementos cruciales para una resolución favorable del cuadro clínico..

Spanish Research Report for 2017

Spanish catch and effort information used in this Report is based on the logbook data contributed by the Spanish Administration. The logbooks information for 2017 was available haul by haul. Table 1 presents the Spanish catches by species and Division in 2017 in NAFO Regulatory Area. Total effort of the Spanish fleet in 2017 was 1,037 fishing days. In 2017, IEO scientific observers were on board 329 fishing days that it means 32 % of the Spanish total effort. All length, age and biological information presented in this paper is based on sampling carried out by IEO scientific observers. In 2017, 483 samples were taken with 57,988 individuals of different species examined (Table 2)