Suited for Success? : Suits, Status, and Hybrid Masculinity

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version. The final, definitive version of this paper has been published in Men and Masculinities, March 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X17696193, published by SAGE Publishing, All rights reserved.This article analyzes the sartorial biographies of four Canadian men to explore how the suit is understood and embodied in everyday life. Each of these men varied in their subject positions—body shape, ethnicity, age, and gender identity—which allowed us to look at the influence of men’s intersectional identities on their relationship with their suits. The men in our research all understood the suit according to its most common representation in popular culture: a symbol of hegemonic masculinity. While they wore the suit to embody hegemonic masculine configurations of practice—power, status, and rationality—most of these men were simultaneously marginalized by the gender hierarchy. We explain this disjuncture by using the concept of hybrid masculinity and illustrate that changes in the style of hegemonic masculinity leave its substance intact. Our findings expand thinking about hybrid masculinity by revealing the ways subordinated masculinities appropriate and reinforce hegemonic masculinity.Peer reviewe

Thyroidal response of Atlantic salmon to seawater challenge: Predictor of growth in seawater

The aim of these investigations was to apply current ideas about the relationships among salmon development, thyroid endocrinology, and seawater adaptation to the problems of delayed growth and stunting that occur unpredictably when commercial growers move salmon \u27smolts\u27 to sea cages. A test was designed that is analogous in many respects to the seawater challenge test. Whereas the seawater challenge test predicts survival in seawater, the seawater challenge-thyroxine (T4) response test is being developed to predict growth in seawater. Atlantic salmon at North Attleboro National Fish Hatchery (NAFH) were tested at two developmental stages: as parr in March and as smolts in May. Two groups of Atlantic salmon at St. Andrews Biological Station (STABS) were also tested in May. At this time, one group had been reared under simulated natural photoperiod (SNP) while the other had been exposed to constant light (L24) since August. Those under SNP are well-characterized as smolts, whereas those under L24 served as \u27smolt controls\u27 in that they did not survive or grow as well in seawater. In these tests, the salmon were injected with either 0.2 IU bovine thyrotropin (TSH) or the saline vehicle and transferred to seawater or returned to fresh water. Changes in plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones were measured at 8, 24 and 48 or 8 and 27 h after injection, depending on location. The responses to seawater and to bovine TSH occurred within 8 h. At this time, seawater suppressed thyroid activity in parr (NAFH) and in the \u27smolt controls\u27 (STABS). In contrast, seawater did not suppress, but tended to stimulate thyroid activity in smolts. These findings suggest the potential usefulness of the seawater challenge-T4 response test for predicting growth of Atlantic salmon in sea cages. © 1989

Jockey Falls, Injuries, and Fatalities Associated With Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse Racing in California, 2007-2011

BACKGROUND: Despite the popularity of the horse racing industry in the United States and the wide recognition that horse racing is one of the most hazardous occupations, little focused research into the prevention of falls by and injuries to jockeys has been conducted. PURPOSE: To describe the incidence rates and characteristics of falls and injuries to Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racing jockeys in the state of California. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS: Data on race-day falls and injuries were extracted from jockey accident reports submitted to the California Horse Racing Board from January 2007 to December 2011. Denominator data, number of jockey race rides, were obtained from commercial and industry databases. Jockey fall, injury, and fatality incidence rates and ratios in Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse flat races were estimated using Poisson regression. Characteristics of falls and injuries are described and compared. RESULTS: In Thoroughbred races, 184 jockey injuries occurred from 360 reported jockey falls, 180,646 race rides, 23,500 races, and 3350 race meetings. In Quarter Horse races, 85 jockey injuries occurred from 145 jockey falls, 46,106 race rides, 6320 races, and 1053 race meetings. Jockey falls occurred at a rate of 1.99 falls per 1000 rides in Thoroughbred races, with 51% of falls resulting in jockey injury, and 3.14 falls per 1000 rides in Quarter Horse races, with 59% of falls resulting in jockey injury. The majority of falls occurred during a race, with catastrophic injury or sudden death of the horse reported as the most common cause in both Thoroughbred (29%) and Quarter Horse (44%) races. During the period studied, 1 jockey fatality resulted from a fall. Jockey fall rates were lower but injury rates were comparable to those reported internationally. CONCLUSION: On average, a licensed jockey in California can expect to have a fall every 502 rides in Thoroughbred races and every 318 rides in Quarter Horse races. While jockey fall rates were lower, injury rates were similar to those in other racing jurisdictions. The high proportion of jockey falls caused by horse fatalities should be further investigated