Reconstructed Polepieces to the Objective Magnetic Lens Depending on Some Geometrical and Physical Parameters

A function for the electron beam trajectory has been used in the present work with respect of a certain operation mode for path of the beams path, to synthesis the symmetrical objective magnetic lens. This function has six optimization parameters, which are respectively the action region (i.e. the air-gap), the height of electron beam trajectory, its gradient (the first derivatives) at the beginning and ending of the action region, and the length of lens. The influence of each of them is investigated concerning the objective focal properties. Indeed, the result obviously shows the effect of some of these parameters on the geometrical and physical properties to the synthesis magnetic lens, to specify the optimum symmetrical objective lens which desire, (i.e. the lens has the lowest aberration) to reconstruct its polepiece. Keywords: Electron Optics, Synthesis, Objective Magnetic Lenses, Aberrations

Describing Polymers Synthesized from Reducing Sugars and Ammonia Employing FTIR Spectroscopy

          يمكن تشخيص الميلانويد باستخدام تقنية مطيافية الأشعة تحت الحمراء (FTIR) . أن UV/Vis هي أداة فعالة للتحليل النوعي والكمي للمكونات الكيميائية في بوليمرات الميلانودين. تتطابق الميزات الهيكلية والاهتزازية للميلانويدات المُصنَّعة من D-Glucose و D-Fructose ، وفقًا لأطياف FTIR ، مع الاختلاف الوحيد في شدة القمم. باستخدام أطياف FTIR ، ينقسم الهيكل التركيبي للميلانودين إلى سبع مناطق رئيسية. تم تأكيد وجود مجموعات C = C و C = N و C = O في جميع الميلانويدات المكونة من الفركتوز والجلوكوز مع الأمونيا من خلال المناطق التي تتراوح من 1600 إلى 1690 سم -1 ، ويتضح النطاق إلى حد كبير على أنه نطاق واسع. يحتوي كل من الميلانويدات على كربوكسيل أو كربونيل في المنطقة تقريبا 1700 سم -1. في جميع الميلانويدينات، اختفت مجموعة +NH في نطاق 3080 سم-1. ومع ذلك ، فإن كثافة اللون تعتمد على نوع السكر المستخدم في تخليق الميلانويدين. علاوة على ذلك، بالمقارنة مع ميلانويدين المخلق من الأمونيا و الكلوكوز Glc-ammoina ، التي تحتوي على نسبة أعلى من الكربون المهجن sp3 ، فإن الميلانويدين المخلق من الأمونيا و الفركتوز Fru-ammonia لديها نسبة أعلى من الكربون المهجن sp2 على أساس تحليل الأشعة فوق البنفسجية / المرئية و FTIR وأطياف المشتق الثاني. علاوة على ذلك ، تمت محاكاة البيانات بأستخدام تحليل المكون الرئيسي (PCA). تم استخدام تحليل المكون الرئيسي (PCA) لتفسير البيانات.          Melanoidins can be diagnosed using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique. UV/Vis is an effective tool for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical components in melanoidin polymers. The structural and vibrational features of melanoidin synthesized from D-glucose and D-fructose are identical, according to FTIR spectra, with the only difference being the intensity of bands.  Using FTIR spectra, the skeleton of melanoidin is divided into seven major regions. The existence of the C=C, C=N, and C=O groups in all melanoidins formed from fructose and glucose with ammonia is confirmed by the areas ranging from 1600 to 1690 cm-1, and the band is largely evident as a broad shoulder. Both melanoidins have a carboxyl or carbonyl extending around 1700 cm-1. In all melanoidins, the NH+ group has vanished in the 3080 cm-1 range. However, the color intensity depends on the type of sugar employed in melanoidin synthesis. Furthermore, in comparison to Glc-ammonia, which has a higher proportion of sp3 hybridized carbon, Fru-ammonia has a higher proportion of sp2 hybridized carbon based on UV/Vis, FTIR and second-derivative spectra. Moreover, the data were simulated using principal component analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to interpret the data

Triple-Vessel Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization In Situs Inversus Dextrocardia

Dextrocardia with situs inversus occurs in approximately one in 10,000 individuals of whom 20% have primary ciliary dyskinesia inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. These patients have a high incidence of congenital cardiac disease but their risk of coronary artery disease is similar to that of the general population. We report what is, to our knowledge, the first case of total triple-vessel coronary revascularization by percutaneous stent implantation in a 79-year-old woman with situs inversus dextrocardia. We describe the successful use of standard diagnostic and interventional guide catheters with counter rotation and transversely inversed image acquisition techniques. The case also highlights that the right precordial pain may represent cardiac ischemia in this population

A Novel Tropically Stable Oral Amphotericin B Formulation (iCo-010) Exhibits Efficacy against Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Murine Model

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic form of a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by obligate intra-macrophage protozoa of the genus Leishmania. VL is always fatal in humans if left untreated and treatment options are limited. Amphotericin B (AmB), a polyene antibiotic, is the most active antileishmanial agent that currently exists. Liposomal AmB (AmBisome) is used as first-line treatment in developed countries [1], [7], [8], [9], [10]; however, the requisite parenteral administration and the high cost of the liposomal formulation prevents this treatment from reaching the majority of patients in developing nations [3]. A stable, efficacious oral treatment for VL that is able to withstand the rigors of tropical climates would overcome many of the current barriers to treatment that exist in countries with large VL-infected patient populations. In this study we have developed an oral formulation of AmB that is stable in tropical conditions and exhibits significant antileshimanial activity in mice

TiO2- CuI Nanoparticle /Ru Solid State Dye-Sensitize Solar Cells

In this work  solid state dye sensitized solar cell (SSDSSC) type  (ITO / TiO2/ Ru / CuI / Ag) is fabricated. The thin films are prepared by pulse laser deposition (PLD) technique under the vacuum pressure of 3×10−3 mbar and annelid at 450 oC. In this technique  Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength with (200 , 500 , 800) pulsed was used. It was noticed from (I-V) characteristics of the solar cell that  the photocurrent  collected  from  the  TiO2  (NP)  is increase as the number of  laser pulses increase. The conversion efficiency of TiO2 is increased  from 2.115%  up  to  5.654% and for CuI from 1.73 % to 5.19 % when the number of pulses increase from 200 up to 800

TiO2- CuI Nanoparticle /Ru Solid State Dye-Sensitize Solar Cells

In this work  solid state dye sensitized solar cell (SSDSSC) type  (ITO / TiO2/ Ru / CuI / Ag) is fabricated. The thin films are prepared by pulse laser deposition (PLD) technique under the vacuum pressure of 3×10−3 mbar and annelid at 450 oC. In this technique  Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength with (200 , 500 , 800) pulsed was used. It was noticed from (I-V) characteristics of the solar cell that  the photocurrent  collected  from  the  TiO2  (NP)  is increase as the number of  laser pulses increase. The conversion efficiency of TiO2 is increased  from 2.115%  up  to  5.654% and for CuI from 1.73 % to 5.19 % when the number of pulses increase from 200 up to 800

Loading of a Rb magneto-optic trap from a getter source

We study the properties of a Rb magneto-optic trap loaded from a commercial getter source which provides a large flux of atoms for the trap along with the capability of rapid turn-off necessary for obtaining long trap lifetimes. We have studied the trap loading at two different values of background pressure to determine the cross-section for Rb--N$_2$ collisions to be 3.5(4)x10^{-14} cm^2 and that for Rb--Rb collisions to be of order 3x10^{-13} cm^2. At a background pressure of 1.3x10^{-9} torr, we load more than 10^8 atoms into the trap with a time constant of 3.3 s. The 1/e lifetime of trapped atoms is 13 s limited only by background collisions.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

the role of cetuximab in converting initially unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases for resection

Abstract In patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) predominantly confined to the liver, whether a patient undergoes potentially curative resection of the liver lesions is a well-established principal determinant of long-term survival. There are a number of different agents, both chemotherapeutic and targeted biologic agents, which can aid in shrinking liver tumors, which would have otherwise been unresectable, allowing for potentially curative resection. The aim of this review article is to summarize the available evidence regarding optimal therapeutic strategies for converting initially unresectable metastases for potentially curative resection; we do not discuss patients who present with initially resectable disease. We have taken the approach to review trials that included R0 resection rates as one of the principal study endpoints and specifically enrolled patients with liver-limited disease. Primary tumor location has recently emerged as a putative prognostic and predictive factor in patients with mCRC; however, presently, there is a lack of resectability outcomes differentiating tumor location–defined subgroups, and several ongoing trials and retrospective analyses are anticipated to guide insights in the future. In conclusion, in patients with RAS wild-type mCRC, the data support preferential use of the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody cetuximab when combined with standard-of-care infusional doublet chemotherapy regimens (FOLFOX or FOLFIRI) for the conversion of initially unresectable metastases for potentially curative resection. Furthermore, we discuss data involving intensified chemotherapy regimens (i.e., 3-drug backbones such as FOLFOXIRI with or without a targeted biologic agent) to promote the conversion of initially unresectable metastases for potentially curative resection