All degree six local unitary invariants of k qudits

We give explicit index-free formulae for all the degree six (and also degree four and two) algebraically independent local unitary invariant polynomials for finite dimensional k-partite pure and mixed quantum states. We carry out this by the use of graph-technical methods, which provides illustrations for this abstract topic.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, extended version. Comments are welcom

The Forum of European Geological Surveys Geochemistry Task Group 1994-1996 inventory

The Forum of European Geological Surveys (FOREGS) includes representatives from 33 European countries and is responsible for co-ordinating Geological Survey activities in Europe. The FOREGS Geochemistry Task Group was established in 1994 to develop a strategy for the preparation of European geochemical maps following the recommendations of the International Geological Correlation Programme (IGCP) Project 259 ‘International Geochemical Mapping’ (now the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) /International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry (IAGC) Working Group on Global Geochemical Baselines). The FOREGS geochemistry programme is aimed at preparing a standardised European geochemical baseline to IGCP-259 standards. The principal aims of this dataset will be for environmental purposes, as a baseline for the assessment of the extent and distribution of contaminated land in the context of variations in the natural geochemical background, but it will also have applications in resource assessment and for the development of policy for the sustainable management of metalliferous mineral and other resources. The first phase of the programme was the compilation of an inventory of geochemical data based on the results of a questionnaire completed by Geological Surveys and related organisations throughout the FOREGS community. The results show that the sample types which have been used most extensively are stream sediment (26% coverage), surface water (19% coverage) and soil (11% coverage). Stream sediments have been collected using a narrow range of mesh sizes (< 150–< 200 μm), but soil samples have been collected according to two different conventions: some surveys used a similar mesh size range to that used for stream sediments while others employed the < 1000 or < 2000 μm fractions traditionally used by soil surveys. Sample densities range from 1 sample per 0.5 km2 to 1 per 3500 km2. Various analytical methods have been used, but most of the available data have been calibrated using international reference materials, and data for the most important of the potentially harmful elements (PHEs) are available for most datasets. Systematic radiometric data are available for only a small proportion of Europe, a situation which compares very unfavourably with that in Australia, North America, the former Soviet Union and many developing countries. Recommendations are made for increasing the compatibility of geochemical methods between national geochemical surveys as a basis for the preparation of a series of European geochemical maps. The next stage of the FOREGS Geochemistry Task Group will be the collection of the Global Reference Network of samples against which to standardise national datasets according to the methods recommended in the final report of the IGCP 259 programme

Analysis of Surface Runoff

A mathematical model of surface runoff is presented which is of use in building a model of erosion processes. The method used for deriving the conceptual model of surface runoff is based on the mathematical expression of the basic laws of movement of water -- the equation of continuity and the equation of motion. Both equations form a system of nonlinear partial differential equations with two unknown functions expressing the depth and velocity of the movement of water along the slope, in dependence on their location on the slope, and time. The input variables of the model are the intensity and direction of the impinging raindrops, the intensity of infiltration and the physical characteristics of the slope (gradient, length and properties of soil surface). Extensive laboratory experiments have been carried out to determine the functional dependence of tangential stress on the depth and rate of runoff from different types of soil surfaces. Further, the conceptual model of surface runoff has been simplified to a kinematic one by using a simple relation between depth and rate of surface runoff instead of the equation of motion. Two empirical parameters of this relation have been determined by using data from the above mentioned laboratory experiments during calibration of the kinematic model. The kinematic model is recommended because of its simplicity with regard to simulation of the surface runoff formation from individual slopes within the watershed. The model is a multipurpose one. It may be used either for hydrological purposes (simulation of surface runoff characteristics) or for soil conservation purposes. The model outputs are surface characteristics (depth, velocity, rate). It is possible by comparing the surface runoff velocity with the critical nonscouring velocity for given field conditions to determine the critical slope length which is the basis for planning efficient soil conservation measures

Efficacy of a Workbook to Promote Forgiveness: A Randomized Controlled Trial with University Students

Objective The present study investigated the efficacy of a 6-hour self-directed workbook adapted from the REACH Forgiveness intervention. Method Undergraduates (N = 41) were randomly assigned to either an immediate treatment or waitlist control condition. Participants were assessed across 3 time periods using a variety of forgiveness outcome measures. Results The 6-hour workbook intervention increased forgiveness, as indicated by positive changes in participants’ forgiveness ratings that differed by condition. In addition, benchmarking analysis showed that the self-directed workbook intervention is at least as efficacious as the delivery of the REACH Forgiveness model via group therapy. Conclusion A self-directed workbook intervention adapted from the REACH Forgiveness intervention provides an adjunct to traditional psychotherapy that could assist the mental health community to manage the burden of unforgiveness among victims of interpersonal harm

Erosion and Water Quality as Modeled by Creams: A Case Study of the Sedlicky Catchment

In the process of verifying and validating the models of agricultural nonpoint source pollution at IIASA, a study was made of the Sedlicky brook (Bohemia, Czechoslovakia) case. The CREAMS model, verified at the Samsin research area (Czechoslovakia) has been used as the mathematical instrument. The validation results of the CREAMS model for the boundary conditions between the field level and the watershed level seem to show that under certain conditions, it can be applied to small watersheds. For large watersheds, modification of the hydrology submodel is necessary in order to describe the comprehensive hydrologic phenomena, particularly, the interflow and some of the subsurface flow

Investigating the temporal trends in PAH, PCB and OCP concentrations in Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa, using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs)

The seasonal variability of persistent organic pollutants in Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa, was investigated using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive samplers. Freely dissolved waterborne  polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were sampled to investigate  seasonal changes in their concentrations. Exposure of the passive  samplers was done for 14 days at the same sampling site in each of the four seasons of the year, in 2011. The SPMD-derived analyte amounts  enabled the calculation of time-weighted averages of free dissolved  waterborne levels of the contaminants. Concentrations ranged from 30.0 ng·l-1 to 51.5 ng·l-1 for PAHs, 38 pg l-1 to 150 pg·l-1 for PCBs, 9.2 to 10.4 ng·l-1 for HCHs and 0.3 to 0.8 ng·l-1 for DDTs, respectively. It was also  noted that the winter season generally exhibited higher contaminant  concentrations for most compounds studied, which likely reflects the  seasonality of their atmospheric deposition. An attempt was also made to identify possible sources of PAH contaminants in the dam by examining PAH ratios. These diagnostic ratios were inclined towards pyrogenic sources of pollution, except for the winter season where both pyrogenic and  petrogenic sources likely contribute to the contamination pattern.Keywords: Hartbeespoort dam, persistent organic pollutants,  semipermeable membrane devices, water-dissolved concentrations, temporal trends

Procedures, Numerical Parameters and Coefficients of the Creams Model: Application and Verification in Czechoslovakia

Problems of agricultural nonpoint source pollution have been investigated by the Resources and Environment Area (Task 2) at IIASA. The CREAMS model has been used as a mathematical aid to arrive at an in-depth understanding of erosion and to predict its influence on agriculture. The CREAMS model was created using data from North America. Investigations of its general use and verification under various conditions were useful. This paper summarizes the results of the verification of this model in a research area in Czechoslovakia and focuses attention on certain points which must be carefully considered during application of this model