Advanced rocket engine cryogenic turbopump bearing thermal model

A lumped node thermal model was developed representing the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) liquid oxygen (LOX) turbopump turbine end bearings operating in a cryogenically cooled bearing tester. Bearing elements, shaft, carrier, housing, cryogen flow characteristics, friction heat, and fluid viscous energy are included in the model. Heat transfer characteristics for the regimes of forced convection boiling are modeled for liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid nitrogen (LN2). Large temperature differences between the cryogenic fluid and baring contact surfaces require detailed nodal representation in these areas. Internal loads and friction heat are affected by temperature dependent operating clearances requiring iterations between bearing thermal and mechanical models. Analyses indicate a thermal-mechanical coupling resulting in reduced operating clearances, increased loading and heating which can contribute to premature bearing failure. Contact surfaces operate at temperatures above local saturation resulting in vapor rather than liquid in the contacts, precluding possible liquid film lubrication. Elevated temperatures can reduce lubrication, increase friction, and reduce surface hardness supporting a surface failure mode rather than subsurface fatigue

Stability of hexagonal solidification patterns

We investigate the dynamics of cellular solidification patterns using three-dimensional phase-field simulations. The cells can organize into stable hexagonal patterns or exhibit unsteady evolutions. We identify the relevant secondary instabilities of regular hexagonal arrays and find that the stability boundaries depend significantly on the strength of crystalline anisotropy. We also find multiplet states that can be reached by applying well-defined perturbations to a pre-existing hexagonal array.Comment: Minor changes, mainly in introduction and conclusion, one reference adde

ANOMALOUS ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON IN VITRO ENZYME STUDIES Part 1: Some Faraday Cage & Multiple Vessel Effects

In these papers, we experimentally explore the connection between a detector, which is a small vessel containing an in vitro enzyme-alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and its local environment via monitoring the ALP thermodynamic activity as the local environment is changed. Based on purely space-time (D-space) physics, there should be no change in ALP activity as the environment of the incubator/refrigerator is systematically altered. However, based on reciprocal spacetime (R-space/D-space) interactive physics, changes can be expected under appropriate conditions. Here we report on (a) the effects associated with having no Faraday cage vs. an empty Faraday cage made from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 layers of copper screen located on the shelf beside the detector and (b) the same as (a) but with an ALP-solution vessel at various D-space locations in the Faraday Cage. Experimentally, we find statistically significant changes in ALP activity as the environment of the control vessel is systematically changed. The territory currently being explored to explain these results involves selecting an appropriate higher dimensional basespace for viewing nature

ON ENHANCING NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (NAD) ACTIVITY IN LIVING SYSTEMS

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) is a key molecule in intermediary metabolism and for the flow of energy in biological systems. It has been shown that a significant association exists in Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, between larval development time, NAD and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)/Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) ratio. Furthermore, variation in NAD concentration has been associated with both AIDS and Alzheimer's disease in humans. Recent studies have favorably implicated NAD as a medication fot patients suffering from both dementia of the Alzheimer type and HIV-l infection. In this paper, we have examined the possibility that both EMFs and intention-augmented EMFs significantly affect (1) the activity of NAD in solution over time and (2) the condition of the water used for preparing NAD solutions to be subsequently utilized for in vitro energy assays in D. melanogaster. Here, we show that NAD activity and the (ATP)/(ADP) ratio significantly depended on the treatments given to the water. Out results indicated (1) that a reduction in exposure to EMFs increased NAD activity and (2) that electronic devices that had been exposed to a human intention concerned with energy metabolism, positively influenced both the activity of NAD and the ATP/ADP ratio in vitro

ANO~OUSE~RONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON IN VITRO ENZYME STUDIES Part 2: Some Electronic Device Effects

In this papet we continue our experimental exploration of the connection between a small vessel containing an in vitro enzyme-alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and its local environment via monitoring the ALP thermodynamic activity as the local environment is changed. Here, we report on the influence of an intention imprinted electronic device (lIED) at various space-time (D-space) locations inside an incubator and inside a Faraday cage in the incubator. The lIED can be either imprinted or not and it can be in the "on" or "off' state. Again, we observed some remarkable and statistically significant effects that appear to have no ready explanation based upon the accepted, present day, scientific paradigm. We found that Faraday cage shielding from ambient environmental EMFs significantly increased ALP activity while the low power/specific frequency EMFs from an un imprinted device significantly reduced ALP activity. Importantly, the specific intention imprint of the lIED more than compensated for these normal EMF effects and increased the ALP activity most of all. Thus, it has been clearly shown that the IIED effects on water and other in vivo biological systems can be extended to an in vitro biological material, the liver enzyme alkaline phosphatase

ANO~OUSE~RONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON IN VITRO ENZYME STUDIES Part 2: Some Electronic Device Effects

In this papet we continue our experimental exploration of the connection between a small vessel containing an in vitro enzyme-alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and its local environment via monitoring the ALP thermodynamic activity as the local environment is changed. Here, we report on the influence of an intention imprinted electronic device (lIED) at various space-time (D-space) locations inside an incubator and inside a Faraday cage in the incubator. The lIED can be either imprinted or not and it can be in the "on" or "off' state. Again, we observed some remarkable and statistically significant effects that appear to have no ready explanation based upon the accepted, present day, scientific paradigm. We found that Faraday cage shielding from ambient environmental EMFs significantly increased ALP activity while the low power/specific frequency EMFs from an un imprinted device significantly reduced ALP activity. Importantly, the specific intention imprint of the lIED more than compensated for these normal EMF effects and increased the ALP activity most of all. Thus, it has been clearly shown that the IIED effects on water and other in vivo biological systems can be extended to an in vitro biological material, the liver enzyme alkaline phosphatase

ON ENHANCING NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (NAD) ACTIVITY IN LIVING SYSTEMS

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) is a key molecule in intermediary metabolism and for the flow of energy in biological systems. It has been shown that a significant association exists in Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, between larval development time, NAD and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)/Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) ratio. Furthermore, variation in NAD concentration has been associated with both AIDS and Alzheimer's disease in humans. Recent studies have favorably implicated NAD as a medication fot patients suffering from both dementia of the Alzheimer type and HIV-l infection. In this paper, we have examined the possibility that both EMFs and intention-augmented EMFs significantly affect (1) the activity of NAD in solution over time and (2) the condition of the water used for preparing NAD solutions to be subsequently utilized for in vitro energy assays in D. melanogaster. Here, we show that NAD activity and the (ATP)/(ADP) ratio significantly depended on the treatments given to the water. Out results indicated (1) that a reduction in exposure to EMFs increased NAD activity and (2) that electronic devices that had been exposed to a human intention concerned with energy metabolism, positively influenced both the activity of NAD and the ATP/ADP ratio in vitro

A neglected aspect of human-elephant conflict: fence damage by elephants in the Trans Mara, Kenya

Human–elephant conflict (HEC) is one of the most complex issues for elephant conservation today and is on the increase. Incidents involving elephants can have severe consequences for people who co-exist with them, creating negative attitudes. While there has been a great deal of research on crop raiding, other forms of conflict including fence damage are poorly documented, but could still give rise to significant costs for households. In this study, we investigated the frequency, severity and patterns of fence damage caused by elephants in communities of the Trans Mara District, Kenya in 2014–2015 and compared these to patterns of crop raiding. In total there were 792 incidents involving fence damage only, 517 incidents involving crop and fence damage, and 72 incidents involving only crop damage. While the majority of fence damage incidents occurred between 18:00 and 06:00, some damage continued until 09:00. Fence damage occurred in every month of the study period and peaked when the frequency of crop damage decreased, highlighting the year-round nature of HEC in this region. The persistent occurrence of HEC in the Trans Mara, on both a daily and an annual timescale, becomes much more apparent when incidents of fence damage are considered as well as crop raiding. Such constant conflict could have significant implications for effects on human wellbeing and consequently, on local attitudes towards elephants and conservation efforts. This research highlights the need for more attention to be paid to the patterns and perceptions of all types of HEC, not just crop raiding, across elephant ranges in order to plan effective mitigation strategies

EXPLORING ROBUST INTERACTIONS BElWEEN HUMAN INTENTION AND INANIMATE/ANIMATE SYSTEMS!

Based on the presenc paradigm, the conventional viev{point is that humans cannot meaningfully interact, via their inccncion, with target experiments. Even more strongly one would state that human intention cannO[ possibly be captured in a simple electronic device and then have rhe device meaningfully interact with target experiments. Over the course of the past two years. the authors have conducted three very differcnc target experiments using Intention Imprinted Electronic Devices, (lIEDs) and found robust interaction between these simple devices and the target experiments in complete opposition to the view of the prevailing paradigm. On the experimental side, for each target experiment one starts with two identical physical devices, isolates one from the other, and "charges" one with tbe specific intention for the particular experiment. This charging process involved the services of four highly qualified meditators to imprint the device with the specific intcncion. The devices with the same imprint were then wrapped in AI-foil and stored in an electrically grounded Faraday cage until the next step in the process. Next, when needed, the AI-foil wrapped devices were separately shipped via Federal Express, to their laboratory destination about 2,000 miles away. On arriving there, they were immediately placed in separate, grounded Faraday cages until use in the actual target experiments conducted by others. For the three target experiments, the general intentions were (I) to decrease (increase) the pH of water by one pH unit, (2) to increase the ATP/ADP ratio in fruit fly larvae so as to significantly decrease the larval development time and (3) to signiHcanrly increase the thermodynamic activity of the specific liver enzyme, alkaline phosphatase (ALP). For rarget experiment (1) changes of about 0,5 to 1.0 pH units increase or decrease, with a measurement accuracy of:t: 0.01 pH units, was achieved. For target experiment (2), reductions of about 15% in larval development time for the imprinted vs. unimprinted device were observed (p < 0.001). For target experiment (3), increases in thermodynamic activity for ALP of about 10% to 20% were achieved (p < 0.001). In pure water containing small solid particles, pH oscillations of both shorr (about 1 hour) and long (about 20 hour) periods were observed. In multiple vessel studies with the TIED located only near one vessel, the following was observed: (a) a strong correlation in pH-oscillation behavior between the lIED-vessel and other simultaneously pH-monitored vessels located 115 feet to 155 feet distant, (b) a location-specific conditioning behavior associated with repeated running of the target experiment day after day, at that specific location, and (c) the presence of temperarure oscillations in-phase with the pH-oscillations in the vessels. Fourier transforms of the various realtime plots were utilized to quantifY the correlations. KEYWORDS: Imention, pH, temperature, Drosophil

TOWARDS OBJECTIFYING INTENTION VIA ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Conventional science would deny the possibility that humans could meaningfully interact with experiments via their focussed intention, and even less so via an intermediary electronic device. Here, via two very different target experiments, that supposition has been experimentally tested and found to be fallacious. For each target experiment, one starts with two identical physical devices, isolates them from each other and "charges" one with the specific intention for the particular experiment. This charging process involved the services of four highly qualified meditators to imprint the device with the specific intention. The devices were then wrapped in aluminum foil and separately shipped, via Federal Express, approximately 2,000 miles to a laboratory where the actual target experiments were conducted by others. The specific intention for experiment 1 was to decrease (increase) the pH of water while that for experiment 2 was to reduce the development time of fruit fly larvae and increase aspects of larval energy metabolism. For experiment 1, robust pH changes in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 pH units (a factor of approximately lOin H+ concentration) relative to the control were observed. For experiment 2, statistically significant (p < 0.005) changes in larval development time and energy metabolism under a variety of environmental circumstances were found. A multidimensional theoretical model (eleven-space) was utilized to account for these results via a structural mechanism in the physical vacuum that allows subtle energies to influence physical reality