109 research outputs found
A technique for 3-D robot vision for space applications
An extension of the MIAG algorithm for recognition and motion parameter determination of general 3-D polyhedral objects based on model matching techniques and using Moment Invariants as features of object representation is discussed. Results of tests conducted on the algorithm under conditions simulating space conditions are presented
Solitary Dust--Acoustic Waves in a Plasma with Two-Temperature Ions and Distributed Grain Size
The propagation of weakly nonlinear dust--acoustic waves in a dusty plasma
containing two ion species with different temperatures is explored. The
nonlinear equations describing both the quadratic and cubic plasma
nonlinearities are derived. It is shown that the properties of dust--acoustic
waves depend substantially on the grain size distribution. In particular, for
solitary dust--acoustic waves with a positive potential to exist in a plasma
with distributed grain size, it is necessary that the difference between the
temperatures of two ion species be large that that in the case of unusized
grains.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure
Comparison of machine learning and semi-quantification algorithms for (I123)FP-CIT classification: the beginning of the end for semi-quantification?
Background
Semi-quantification methods are well established in the clinic for assisted reporting of (I123) Ioflupane images. Arguably, these are limited diagnostic tools. Recent research has demonstrated the potential for improved classification performance offered by machine learning algorithms. A direct comparison between methods is required to establish whether a move towards widespread clinical adoption of machine learning algorithms is justified.
This study compared three machine learning algorithms with that of a range of semi-quantification methods, using the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) research database and a locally derived clinical database for validation. Machine learning algorithms were based on support vector machine classifiers with three different sets of features:
Voxel intensities
Principal components of image voxel intensities
Striatal binding radios from the putamen and caudate.
Semi-quantification methods were based on striatal binding ratios (SBRs) from both putamina, with and without consideration of the caudates. Normal limits for the SBRs were defined through four different methods:
Minimum of age-matched controls
Mean minus 1/1.5/2 standard deviations from age-matched controls
Linear regression of normal patient data against age (minus 1/1.5/2 standard errors)
Selection of the optimum operating point on the receiver operator characteristic curve from normal and abnormal training data
Each machine learning and semi-quantification technique was evaluated with stratified, nested 10-fold cross-validation, repeated 10 times.
Results
The mean accuracy of the semi-quantitative methods for classification of local data into Parkinsonian and non-Parkinsonian groups varied from 0.78 to 0.87, contrasting with 0.89 to 0.95 for classifying PPMI data into healthy controls and Parkinson’s disease groups. The machine learning algorithms gave mean accuracies between 0.88 to 0.92 and 0.95 to 0.97 for local and PPMI data respectively.
Conclusions
Classification performance was lower for the local database than the research database for both semi-quantitative and machine learning algorithms. However, for both databases, the machine learning methods generated equal or higher mean accuracies (with lower variance) than any of the semi-quantification approaches. The gain in performance from using machine learning algorithms as compared to semi-quantification was relatively small and may be insufficient, when considered in isolation, to offer significant advantages in the clinical context
Prototypes for Content-Based Image Retrieval in Clinical Practice
Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has been proposed as key technology for computer-aided diagnostics (CAD). This paper reviews the state of the art and future challenges in CBIR for CAD applied to clinical practice
Determining similarity in histological images using graph-theoretic description and matching methods for content-based image retrieval in medical diagnostics
K-dV and mK-dV equations for solitary waves in negative ion plasmas with non-Maxwellian electrons
Novel Deep‐Blue Hybridized Local and Charge‐Transfer Host Emitter for High‐Quality Fluorescence/Phosphor Hybrid Quasi‐White Organic Light‐Emitting Diode
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