Principle and data analysis of vertical angle calibration of geodetic instruments

Many opto-electronic digital instruments, such as rotary encoders, theodolites, total stations, laser trackers, etc. are used in machine engineering and instrumentation, geodesy, surveying, robotics and other branches of industry. Most of optical-electronic geodetic measuring instruments consist, among the other elements, of the circular scales and angular transducers for angle determination in two perpendicular planes – horizontal and vertical. Accuracy of the instrument mostly depends on the accuracy of these means for angle measurement. Even if calibration of horizontal angle measurement instrumentation can be relatively easily solved implementing rotary tables of different constriction the calibration of vertical angle measurement instrumentation is still a very complicated and not easily solvable task. Here in this paper we present a review and some simple means and methods that can be used in the angle measurement metrology, especially in vertical plane angle calibration. The results of the experimental calibration with the brief errors analysis and possibilities of accuracy increase of tested instrument are also give

Analiza wpływu stanu technicznego resora pneumatycznego autobusu na sygnały drgań w ramie autobusu

The paper analyses the spread of vibration intensity through the bus frame mechanical structure. The research has been completed upon application of the theory of covariance functions. Results of measuring the intensity of vibrations at fixed bus framepoints were recorded on the time scale in the form of data arrays (matrixes). The authors have completed the estimation of covariance functions by measuring the intensity of vibrations between the arrays of digital results and auto-covariance functions of single arrays upon changing the quantization interval on the time scale. The research results enable to define if the solidity of bus frame is disordered and to assess the technical condition of pneumatic suspension considering the vibration of frame points. Dangerous zones of bus suspension and reliability level of bus exploitation can be determined by application of these results.W pracy przeprowadzono analizę rozkładu intensywności drgań w mechanicznej konstrukcji ramy autobusu. Badania prowadzono z zastosowaniem teorii funkcji kowariancji. Wyniki pomiaru intensywności drgań w ustalonych punktach ramy autobusu rejestrowano na skali czasu, w postaci tablic danych (matryc). Funkcje kowariancji obliczano porównując natężenie drgań pomiędzy tablicami wyników cyfrowych, zaś funkcje auto-kowariancji pojedynczych tablic obliczano po zmianie przedziału kwantyzacji w skali czasowej. Wyniki badań pozwalają na określenie, czy zaburzona została stabilność struktury ramy autobusowej oraz umożliwiają ocenę stanu technicznego zawieszenia pneumatycznego na podstawie drgań w określonych punktach ramy. Wyniki te można wykorzystać do określenia niebezpiecznych stref zawieszenia autobusowego oraz poziomu niezawodności pracy autobusu

Estimation of Eco–Geodynamic Risk in the Region of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant Using GPS Data

<p>The purpose of this work is to appreciate spatial strains and stresses in the territory of Ignalina nuclear power plant region using data on geodetic observation. The methodology of calculating Earth‘s crust spatial strains and changes in stresses is submitted. The obtained results reveal the new parameters of spatial strains and changes in geodynamic stress in the territory of Ignalina nuclear power plant region. Spatial strains vary from –3,005·10^–6to 1,065·10^–6and changes in geodynamic stress from –0,2065 MPa to 0,0976 MPa. </p><div class="nav_keywords"><p>Article in Lithuanian</p></div

On Analysis of Seismic Vibrations Data Applying Doppler Effect Expression

In the paper, a possibility to develop the digital models of the seismic vibrations parameters is analyzed. To reach this goal, the observations at seismic station LUWI (Indonesia) were processed applying the statistical procedures. In fact, the biggest attention was given to the introduction of the Doppler effect expression and the employment of the theory of covariance functions. The trend in vectors of vibrations intensities values was detected and estimated upon using the least-squares method and polynomial approximation. In addition, by this technique, the random errors were eliminated partially. The self-developed computer programs based on Matlab programming package procedures were applied