Legal Profession

During 1967, the California courts made decisions dealing with admission to the bar, discipline, the statute of limitations in legal malpractice, and just compensation. The legislature also affected the legal profession by expanding the power of local government to employ private counsel, by changing the rules governing admission of out-of-state attorneys to the bar, and by changing certain fee provisions. The California Supreme Court decided several important bar admission cases. In Hallinan v. Committee of Bar Examiners and March v. Committee of Bar Examiners, the Committee of Bar Examiners made value judgments and, in effect, by refusing certification, attempted to punish past conduct of the applicants

Legal Profession

During 1967, the California courts made decisions dealing with admission to the bar, discipline, the statute of limitations in legal malpractice, and just compensation. The legislature also affected the legal profession by expanding the power of local government to employ private counsel, by changing the rules governing admission of out-of-state attorneys to the bar, and by changing certain fee provisions. The California Supreme Court decided several important bar admission cases. In Hallinan v. Committee of Bar Examiners and March v. Committee of Bar Examiners, the Committee of Bar Examiners made value judgments and, in effect, by refusing certification, attempted to punish past conduct of the applicants

Design and fabrication of a centrifugally driven microfluidic disk for fully integrated metabolic assays on whole blood

For the first time, we present a novel and fully integrated centrifugal microfluidic “ lab-on-a-disk” for rapid metabolic assays in human whole blood. All essential steps comprising blood sampling, metering, plasma extraction and the final optical detection are conducted within t = 150 s in passive structures integrated on one disposable disk. Our technology features a novel plasma extraction structure (V = 500 nL, CV < 5%) without using any hydrophobic microfluidics where the purified plasma (cRBC< 0.11%) is centrifugally separated and subsequently extracted through a capillarily primed extraction channel into the detection chamber. While this capillary extraction requires precisely defined, narrow micro-structures, the reactive mixing and detection is most efficient within larger cavities. The corresponding manufacturing technique of these macro- and micro structures in the range of 30 µ m to 1000 µ m is also presented for the first time: A novel, cost-efficient hybrid prototyping technique of a multiscale epoxy master for subsequent hot embossing of polymer disks

TIR-based dynamic liquid-level and flow-rate sensing and its application on centrifugal microfluidic platforms

For the first time we present a technique for the spatio-temporally resolved localization of liquid-gas interfaces on centrifugal microfluidic platforms based on total internal reflection (TIR) at the channel wall. The simple setup consists of a line laser and a linear image sensor array mounted in a stationary instrument. Apart from identifying the presence of (usually unwanted) gas bubbles, the here described online meniscus detection allows to measure liquid volumes with a high precision of 1.9%. Additionally, flow rates and viscosities (range: 1-10.7 mPa s) can be sensed even during rotation at frequencies up to 30 Hz with a precision of 4.7% and 4.3%, respectively

Optical beam guidance in monolithic polymer chips for miniaturized colorimetric assays

For the first time, we present a simple and robust optical concept to enable precise and sensitive read-out of colorimetric assays in flat lab-on-a-chip devices. The optical guidance of the probe beam through an incorporated measurement chamber to the detector is based on the total internal reflection at V-grooves in the polymer chip. This way, the optical path length through the flat measurement chamber and thus the performance of the measurements are massively enhanced compared to direct (perpendicular) beam incidence. This is demonstrated by a chip-based, colorimetric glucose-assay on serum. Outstanding features are an excellent reproducibility (CV= 1.91 %), a competitive lower limit of detection (cmin = 124 μM), and a high degree of linearity (R2 = 0.998) within a working range extending over nearly three orders of magnitude

Direct hemoglobin measurement by monolithically integrated optical beam guidance

We present a concept for optical beam guidance by total internal reflection (TIR) at V-grooves as retro reflectors which are monolithically integrated on a microfluidic "lab-on-a-disk". This way, the optical path length through a measurement chamber and thus the sensitivity of colorimetric assays is massively enhanced compared to direct (perpendicular) beam incidence. With this rugged optical concept, we determine the concentration of hemoglobin (Hb) in human whole blood. Outstanding features are a high degree of linearity (R2 = 0.993) between the optical signal and the Hb together with a reproducibility of CV= 2.9 %, and a time-to-result of 100 seconds, only

Observation of an orbital interaction-induced Feshbach resonance in 173-Yb

We report on the experimental observation of a novel inter-orbital Feshbach resonance in ultracold 173-Yb atoms, which opens the possibility of tuning the interactions between the 1S0 and 3P0 metastable state, both possessing vanishing total electronic angular momentum. The resonance is observed at experimentally accessible magnetic field strengths and occurs universally for all hyperfine state combinations. We characterize the resonance in the bulk via inter-orbital cross-thermalization as well as in a three-dimensional lattice using high-resolution clock-line spectroscopy.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Parallelization of chip-based fluorescence immuno-assays with quantum-dot labelled beads

This paper presents an optical concept for the read-out of a parallel, bead-based fluorescence immunoassay conducted on a lab-on-a-disk platform. The reusable part of the modular setup comprises a detection unit featuring a single LED as light source, two emission-filters, and a color CCD-camera as standard components together with a spinning drive as actuation unit. The miniaturized lab-on-a-disk is devised as a disposable. In the read-out process of the parallel assay, beads are first identified by the color of incorporated quantum dots (QDs). Next, the reaction-specific fluorescence signal is quantified with FluoSpheres-labeled detection anti-bodies. To enable a fast and automated read-out, suitable algorithms have been implemented in this work. Based on this concept, we successfully demonstrated a Hepatitis-A assay on our disk-based lab-on-a-chip