Route Discovery Development for Multiple Destination Using Artificial Ant Colony

Smart cities need a smart applications for the citizen, not just digital devices. Smart applications will provide a decision-making to users by using artificial intelligence. Many real-world services for online shopping and delivery systems were used and attracted customers, especially after the Covid-19 pandemics when people prefer to keep social distance and minimize social places visiting. These services need to discover the shortest path for the delivery driver to visit multiple destinations and serve the customers. The aim of this research is to develop the route discovery for multiple-destination by using ACO Algorithm for Multiple destination route planning. ACO Algorithm for Multiple destination route planning develops the Google MAP application to optimize the route when it is used for multiple destinations and when the route is updated with a new destination. The results show improvement in the multiple destination route discovery when the shortest path and the sequence order of cities are found. In conclusion, the ACO Algorithm for Multiple destination route planning simulation results could be used with the Google Map application and provide an artificial decision for the citizen of Erbil city.  Finally, we discuss our vision for future development

Empower E-wallets Payment System by using Secured Hybrid Approach of Online and Offline Services

Payment mechanisms are migrated to mobile devices as e-commerce grows, creating e-wallets. The current e-wallet payment solutions are based on online-connected smartphones. The transaction is completed using a mobile application, which requires a GPRS and Wi-Fi connection. People around the world are becoming more interested in e-wallets. Nevertheless, in Iraq, it grows slower than in other parts of the world after survey is done to ascertain the primary elements influencing Iraqis’ adoption of electronic wallets. This paper proposes a design of e-wallet Mobile app offering online to offline (O2O) payments that aim to replace traditional e-wallet, credit cards, debit cards, and cash using offline connectivity, near-field communication (NFC), and SMS-based payment mechanisms that are independent of internet connection

Zone Diagrams in Euclidean Spaces and in Other Normed Spaces

Zone diagram is a variation on the classical concept of a Voronoi diagram. Given n sites in a metric space that compete for territory, the zone diagram is an equilibrium state in the competition. Formally it is defined as a fixed point of a certain "dominance" map. Asano, Matousek, and Tokuyama proved the existence and uniqueness of a zone diagram for point sites in Euclidean plane, and Reem and Reich showed existence for two arbitrary sites in an arbitrary metric space. We establish existence and uniqueness for n disjoint compact sites in a Euclidean space of arbitrary (finite) dimension, and more generally, in a finite-dimensional normed space with a smooth and rotund norm. The proof is considerably simpler than that of Asano et al. We also provide an example of non-uniqueness for a norm that is rotund but not smooth. Finally, we prove existence and uniqueness for two point sites in the plane with a smooth (but not necessarily rotund) norm.Comment: Title page + 16 pages, 20 figure

Enhanced Smart Industry Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Factory

Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks are increased in recent years due to provide real-time monitoring, decision-making and controlling. Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks used in many factories such as: food production, aircraft factory and pharmaceutical factory. The aim of this research is to focus on the Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks in smart factory and the challenges that need to be considered in use such as: its location, energy consumptions and security. The research discuss different issues are highlighted the importance of using real-time decision-making to improve the performance of the process and provide service monitoring for industrial process improvement

Wavelengths in bioconvection patterns

Unicellular bottom-heavy swimming microorganisms are usually denser than the fluid in which they swim. In shallow suspensions, the bottom heaviness results in a gravitational torque that orients the cells to swim vertically upwards in the absence of fluid flow. Swimming cells thus accumulate at the upper surface to form a concentrated layer of cells. When the cell concentration is high enough, the layer overturns to form bioconvection patterns. Thin concentrated plumes of cells descend rapidly and cells return to the upper surface in wide, slowly moving upwelling plumes. When there is fluid flow, a second viscous torque is exerted on the swimming cells. The balance between the local shear flow viscous and the gravitational torques determines the cells' swimming direction, (gyrotaxis). In this thesis, the wavelengths of bioconvection patterns are studied experimentally as well as theoretically as follow; First, in aquasystem it is rare to find one species lives individually and when they swim they can form complex patterns. Thus, a protocol for controlled experiments to mix two species of swimming algal cells of \emph{C. rienhardtii} and \emph{C. augustae} is systematically described and images of bioconvection patterns are captured. A method for analysing images using wavelets and extracting the local dominant wavelength in spatially varying patterns is developed. The variation of the patterns as a function of the total concentration and the relative concentration between two species is analysed. Second, the linear stability theory of bioconvection for a suspension of two mixed species is studied. The dispersion relationship is computed using Fourier modes in order to calculate the neutral curves as a function of wavenumbers $k$ and $m$. The neutral curves are plotted to compare the instability onset of the suspension of the two mixed species with the instability onset of each species individually. This study could help us to understand which species contributes the most in the process of pattern formation. Finally, predicting the most unstable wavelength was studied previously around a steady state equilibrium situation. Since assuming steady state equilibrium contradicts with reality, the pattern formation in a layer of finite depth of an evolving basic state is studied using the nonnormal modes approach. The nonnormal modes procedure identifies the optimal initial perturbation that can be obtained for a given time $t$ as well as a given set of parameters and wavenumber $k$. Then, we measure the size of the optimal perturbation as it grows with time considering a range of wavenumbers for the same set of parameters to be able to extract the most unstable wavelength

Enhancing Wireless Sensor Networks Routing Protocols based on Cross Layer Interaction

Wireless sensor networks aim to develop a smart city based on sensing environment. The routing protocols of wireless sensor networks is important to transfer the data in smart cities since sensor nodes have limited power and transmission range. The aim of this research is to enhance wireless sensor networks routing protocols based on proposed cross-layer interaction between physical layer and network layer also a proposed routing table information of wireless sensor nodes is developed to consider the transmission power of neighbor’s nodes to determine the next hop. Cross-layer interaction provides a useful information and effective adaptation for WSN routing protocols. As a result, the proposed routing protocol shows an improvement in network performance when number of intermediate nodes are minimized

On the computation of zone and double zone diagrams

Classical objects in computational geometry are defined by explicit relations. Several years ago the pioneering works of T. Asano, J. Matousek and T. Tokuyama introduced "implicit computational geometry", in which the geometric objects are defined by implicit relations involving sets. An important member in this family is called "a zone diagram". The implicit nature of zone diagrams implies, as already observed in the original works, that their computation is a challenging task. In a continuous setting this task has been addressed (briefly) only by these authors in the Euclidean plane with point sites. We discuss the possibility to compute zone diagrams in a wide class of spaces and also shed new light on their computation in the original setting. The class of spaces, which is introduced here, includes, in particular, Euclidean spheres and finite dimensional strictly convex normed spaces. Sites of a general form are allowed and it is shown that a generalization of the iterative method suggested by Asano, Matousek and Tokuyama converges to a double zone diagram, another implicit geometric object whose existence is known in general. Occasionally a zone diagram can be obtained from this procedure. The actual (approximate) computation of the iterations is based on a simple algorithm which enables the approximate computation of Voronoi diagrams in a general setting. Our analysis also yields a few byproducts of independent interest, such as certain topological properties of Voronoi cells (e.g., that in the considered setting their boundaries cannot be "fat").Comment: Very slight improvements (mainly correction of a few typos); add DOI; Ref [51] points to a freely available computer application which implements the algorithms; to appear in Discrete & Computational Geometry (available online

Clinical and molecular correlates in fragile X premutation females.

The prevalence of the fragile X premutation (55-200 CGG repeats) among the general population is relatively high, but there remains a lack of clear understanding of the links between molecular biomarkers and clinical outcomes. In this study we investigated the correlations between molecular measures (CGG repeat size, FMR1 mRNA, FMRP expression levels, and methylation status at the promoter region and in FREE2 site) and clinical phenotypes (anxiety, obsessive compulsive symptoms, depression and executive function deficits) in 36 adult premutation female carriers and compared to 24 normal control subjects. Premutation carriers reported higher levels of obsessive compulsive symptoms, depression, and anxiety, but demonstrated no significant deficits in global cognitive functions or executive function compared to the control group. Increased age in carriers was significantly associated with increased anxiety levels. As expected, FMR1 mRNA expression was significantly correlated with CGG repeat number. However, no significant correlations were observed between molecular (including epigenetic) measures and clinical phenotypes in this sample. Our study, albeit limited by the sample size, establishes the complexity of the mechanisms that link the FMR1 locus to the clinical phenotypes commonly observed in female carriers suggesting that other factors, including environment or additional genetic changes, may have an impact on the clinical phenotypes. However, it continues to emphasize the need for assessment and treatment of psychiatric problems in female premutation carriers

Women in Science: Why So Few? [Liberal Arts: Math and Science]

This assigment was developed in the context of LaGuardia’s Center for Teaching and Learning sponsored Learning Matters mini grant “Connection Between First Year Seminar and Capstone Learning Experiences.” It provides Liberal Arts experience to students across the academic spectrum and is designed for students in LMF 101 (First-Year Seminar for Liberal Arts: Math & Science) and is conducted in conjunction with students from a capstone course, LIB 200 (Science, Technology, and Humanism). The assignment aligns with the Inquiry and Problem-Solving Core Competency and the Written Ability. In this assignment, LMF 101 students research and read several articles centered on the topic of Women in STEM. They then write an essay that integrates the information from these sources to address the history, biases, and potential causes of the underrepresentation of Women in STEM. LIB 200 students peer review these essays, and LMF 101 students, in turn, respond to these peer reviews. The assignment concludes with a combined class discussion on the topic and the process. The overall goals for this assignment which also reflect the dimensions of the Inquiry and Problem Solving Core Competency and the Written Communication Ability rubrics are the following: Students will utilize the appropriate library search engines to find a resource relevant to a particular topic. Students will analyze and integrate evidence from multiple sources on a complicated topic, and they will use the evidence they gathered to answer questions and arrive at logical conclusions. Students will assess the reliability of data and/or claims made in the literature. Students will cite sources appropriately. Students will understand the importance of peer review, understand how constructive criticism can help improve scholarly work, and learn how to respond to feedback in ways to improve the outcome of their work. LaGuardia’s Core Competencies and Communication Abilities Main Course Learning Objectives: LMF 101 Course Goals Associated with Assignment: Demonstrate understanding of habits of mind essential to college success (e.g., persistence, flexibility, and metacognition) and foundational knowledge in mathematics and science. Interpret the values and ethics of mathematics and science and discuss how these values and ethics directly influence personal, academic, and professional success in their careers. Demonstrate an understanding of the structure and logic of technical writing; show a basic level of proficiency in the fundamental writing, reading and speaking skills necessary to deliver information in a contextual and coherent manner. Demonstrate the use of skills and knowledge gained from diverse experiences to enhance learning and success. Describe the diversity of LaGuardia Community College and demonstrate capacities to collaborate across differences in culture and perspective. LIB 200 Course Goals Associated with Assignment Identify the terminology and concepts central to the field of gender and women’s studies students. Identify and understand the challenges and the historical frame of the underrepresentation of women across STEM fields. Research and value the contributions of women to STEM fields. Examine and interpret material using the theory and research methods of gender and women’s studies and apply these ideas to current social issues. Present ideas concerning gender and women\u27s studies in spoken and written presentations