766 research outputs found
Elvis is returning to the building: understanding a decline in unauthorized file sharing
A set of representative consumer surveys shows that in the Netherlands unauthorized file sharing of music has declined substantially between 2008 and 2012. It decreased slightly for games, but almost doubled for films and TV series. Overall, file sharing dropped from 38% to 27% of the population. The empirical evidence presented supports the hypothesis that adequate legal services for downloading and streaming music helped to reduce file sharing, whereas a lack of good digital audiovisual services made consumers turn to illegal alternatives
Cross-lingual priming of cognates and interlingual homographs from L2 to L1
Many word forms exist in multiple languages, and can have either the same meaning (cognates) or a different meaning (interlingual homographs). Previous experiments have shown that processing of interlingual homographs in a bilingualâs second language is slowed down by recent experience with these words in the bilingualâs native language, while processing of cognates can be speeded up (Poort et al., 2016; Poort & Rodd, 2019a). The current experiment replicated Poort and Roddâs (2019a) Experiment 2 but switched the direction of priming: DutchâEnglish bilinguals (n = 106) made Dutch semantic relatedness judgements to probes related to cognates (n = 50), interlingual homographs (n = 50) and translation equivalents (n = 50) they had seen 15 minutes previously embedded in English sentences. The current experiment is the first to show that a single encounter with an interlingual homograph in oneâs second language can also affect subsequent processing in oneâs native language. Cross-lingual priming did not affect the cognates. The experiment also extended Poort and Rodd (2019a)âs finding of a large interlingual homograph inhibition effect in a semantic relatedness task in the participantsâ L2 to their L1, but again found no evidence for a cognate facilitation effect in a semantic relatedness task. These findings extend the growing literature that emphasises the high level of interaction in a bilingualâs mental lexicon, by demonstrating the influence of L2 experience on the processing of L1 words. Data, scripts, materials and pre-registration available via https://osf.io/2swyg/?view_only=b2ba2e627f6f4eaeac87edab2b59b236
Rethinking digital copyright law for a culturally diverse, accessible, creative Europe. - D3.3:Survey Data Perspectives Authors and Performers
These two reports represent the work done as part of the reCreating Europe project on Authors and Performers and their experience with digital and disruptive factors and how they impact them professionally and financially. The first deliverable (D3.2) represents the survey questionnaire developed by Abeer Pervaiz and Joost Poort and the ensuing data set
The cognate facilitation effect in bilingual lexical decision is influenced by stimulus list composition
Cognates share their form and meaning across languages: âwinterâ in English means the same as âwinterâ in Dutch. Research has shown that bilinguals process cognates more quickly than words that exist in one language only (e.g. âantâ in English). This finding is taken as strong evidence for the claim that bilinguals have one integrated lexicon and that lexical access is language non-selective. Two English lexical decision experiments with DutchâEnglish bilinguals investigated whether the cognate facilitation effect is influenced by stimulus list composition. In Experiment 1, the âstandardâ version, which included only cognates, English control words and regular non-words, showed significant cognate facilitation (31 ms). In contrast, the âmixedâ version, which also included interlingual homographs, pseudohomophones (instead of regular non-words) and Dutch-only words, showed a significantly different profile: a non-significant disadvantage for the cognates (8 ms). Experiment 2 examined the specific impact of these three additional stimuli types and found that only the inclusion of Dutch words significantly reduced the cognate facilitation effect. Additional exploratory analyses revealed that, when the preceding trial was a Dutch word, cognates were recognised up to 50 ms more slowly than English controls. We suggest that when participants must respond ânoâ to non-target language words, competition arises between the âyesâ- and ânoâ-responses associated with the two interpretations of a cognate, which (partially) cancels out the facilitation that is a result of the cognate's shared form and meaning. We conclude that the cognate facilitation effect is a real effect that originates in the lexicon, but that cognates can be subject to competition effects outside the lexicon
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