1,103 research outputs found
Nonmonotonic Evolution of the Blocking Temperature in Dispersions of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles
We use a Monte Carlo approach to simulate the influence of the dipolar
interaction on assemblies of monodisperse superparamagnetic
nanoparticles. We have identified a critical
concentration c*, that marks the transition between two different regimes in
the evolution of the blocking temperature () with interparticle
interactions. At low concentrations (c < c*) magnetic particles behave as an
ideal non-interacting system with a constant . At concentrations c > c*
the dipolar energy enhances the anisotropic energy barrier and
increases with increasing c, so that a larger temperature is required to reach
the superparamagnetic state. The fitting of our results with classical particle
models and experiments supports the existence of two differentiated regimes.
Our data could help to understand apparently contradictory results from the
literature.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
Epitaxial growth of high quality WO3 thin films
We have grown epitaxial WO3 films on various single-crystal substrates using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. While pronounced surface roughness is observed in films grown on LaSrAlO4 substrates, films grown on Y AlO3 substrates show atomically flat surfaces, as demonstrated by atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The crystalline structure has been confirmed to be monoclinic by symmetric and skew-symmetric XRD. The dependence of the growth modes and the surface morphology on the lattice mismatch are discussed
Unexpected Magnetism of Small Silver Clusters
The ground-state electronic, structural, and magnetic properties of small
silver clusters, Ag (2n22), have been studied using a linear
combination of atomic Gaussian-type orbitals within the density functional
theory. The results show that the silver atoms, which are diamagnetic in bulk
environment, can be magnetic when they are grouped together in clusters. The
Ag cluster with icosahedral symmetry has the highest magnetic moment per
atom among the studied silver clusters. The cluster symmetry and the reduced
coordination number specific of small clusters reveal as a fundamental factor
for the onset of the magnetism.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Spin excitations in a single LaCuO layer
The dynamics of S=1/2 quantum spins on a 2D square lattice lie at the heart
of the mystery of the cuprates
\cite{Hayden2004,Vignolle2007,Li2010,LeTacon2011,Coldea2001,Headings2010,Braicovich2010}.
In bulk cuprates such as \LCO{}, the presence of a weak interlayer coupling
stabilizes 3D N\'{e}el order up to high temperatures. In a truly 2D system
however, thermal spin fluctuations melt long range order at any finite
temperature \cite{Mermin1966}. Further, quantum spin fluctuations transfer
magnetic spectral weight out of a well-defined magnon excitation into a
magnetic continuum, the nature of which remains controversial
\cite{Sandvik2001,Ho2001,Christensen2007,Headings2010}. Here, we measure the
spin response of \emph{isolated one-unit-cell thick layers} of \LCO{}. We show
that coherent magnons persist even in a single layer of \LCO{} despite the loss
of magnetic order, with no evidence for resonating valence bond (RVB)-like spin
correlations \cite{Anderson1987,Hsu1990,Christensen2007}. Thus these
excitations are well described by linear spin wave theory (LSWT). We also
observe a high-energy magnetic continuum in the isotropic magnetic response.
This high-energy continuum is not well described by 2 magnon LSWT, or indeed
any existing theories.Comment: Revised version to appear in Nature Materials; 6 pages,4 figure
Calculations of giant magnetoresistance in Fe/Cr trilayers using layer potentials determined from {\it ab-initio} methods
The ab initio full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method
explicitly designed for the slab geometry was employed to elucidate the
physical origin of the layer potentials for the trilayers nFe/3Cr/nFe(001),
where n is the number of Fe monolayers. The thickness of the transition-metal
ferromagnet has been ranged from up to n=8 while the spacer thickness was
fixed to 3 monolayers. The calculated potentials were inserted in the
Fuchs-Sondheimer formalism in order to calculate the giant magnetoresistance
(GMR) ratio. The predicted GMR ratio was compared with the experiment and the
oscillatory behavior of the GMR as a function of the ferromagnetic layer
thickness was discussed in the context of the layer potentials. The reported
results confirm that the interface monolayers play a dominant role in the
intrinsic GMR.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables. accepted in J. Phys.: Cond. Matte
Magnetic properties of Ruddlesden-Popper phases SrY(FeNi)O: A combined experimental and theoretical investigation
We present a comprehensive study of the magnetic properties of
SrY(FeNi)O ().
Experimentally, the magnetic properties are investigated using superconducting
quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry and neutron powder diffraction
(NPD). This is complemented by the theoretical study based on density
functional theory as well as the Heisenberg exchange parameters. Experimental
results show an increase in the N\'eel temperature () with the increase of
Y concentrations and O occupancy. The NPD data reveals all samples are
antiferromagnetically ordered at low temperatures, which has been confirmed by
our theoretical simulations for the selected samples. Our first-principles
calculations suggest that the 3D magnetic order is stabilized due to finite
inter-layer exchange couplings. The latter give rise to a finite inter-layer
spin correlations which disappear above the
Waste management strategies to mitigate the effects of fluorinated greenhouse gases on climate change
Funding Information: Funding: This work was funded by FCT/MCTES (Portugal), project PTDC/EQU-EQU/29737/2017, and was supported by the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry—LAQV, which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/50006/2020) and by Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre—MARE, which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/04292/2020). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) are used for various applications, such as in refrigeration and air conditioning, as substitutes of the ozone-depleting substances. Their utilization has increased drastically over the last few decades, with serious consequences for global warming. The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol and several national and international legislations, such as the 2014 EU F-gas Regulation, aim to control the utilization and emissions of these gases. In the EU, the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) is underway, with successive reductions in quotas up to 2050. Under this scenario, efficient strategies for managing the produced and already existing F-gases are of vital importance to guarantee that their effect on the environment is mitigated. Up to now, most of the F-gases recovered from end-of-life equipment or when retrofitting systems are either released into the atmosphere or destroyed. However, in order to put forward a cost-efficient adaptation to the F-gas phase-down, increasing separation and recycling efforts must be made. This critical review aims at providing a revision of the current F-gas management problems and strategies and providing an overview on the innovative strategies that can be applied to contribute to build a sustainable market under circular economy principles.publishersversionpublishe
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