Operating efficiency of computers

A method is outlined which can be used to guarantee to users of computing systems a measure of operating efficiency. The monthly utilization coefficient should be equal to or exceed a value agreed on in advance. In addition, the repair time during a computer breakdown should not be longer than a period agreed on in advance

Porometry, porosimetry, image analysis and void network modelling in the study of the pore-level properties of filters

We present fundamental and quantitative comparisons between the techniques of porometry (or flow permporometry), porosimetry, image analysis and void network modelling for seven types of filter, chosen to encompass the range of simple to complex void structure. They were metal, cellulose and glass fibre macro- and meso-porous filters of various types. The comparisons allow a general re-appraisal of the limitations of each technique for measuring void structures. Porometry is shown to give unrealistically narrow void size distributions, but the correct filtration characteristic when calibrated. Shielded mercury porosimetry can give the quaternary (sample-level anisotropic) characteristics of the void structure. The first derivative of a mercury porosimetry intrusion curve is shown to underestimate the large number of voids, but this error can be largely corrected by the use of a void network model. The model was also used to simulate the full filtration characteristic of each sample, which agreed with the manufacturer's filtration ratings. The model was validated through its correct a priori simulation of absolute gas permeabilities for track etch, cellulose nitrate and sintered powder filters. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd

The Creative Class and the Creative Economy in Spain

This article describes an application in Spain of Florida's model (2002/Citation2010, Citation2005) about creativity, economy and growth. Creativity is an indicator that measures and combines technology, talent, and tolerance. Each of these is composed of three subindices. The most important conclusion from the data reported here is that creativity in particular, and growth in general, was less related to tolerance than the other two indices. However, the subindex of tolerance reflecting bohemia was important; the other two (foreigners and gays) were not

Understanding the links between diversity and creativity as assessed in the boroughs of London

This paper analyses the links between creativity and diversity in the different boroughs of London. Based on rich data from the UK Census of Population of 2011 and other sources, we specifically analysed the correlations between creativity and diversity within the London boroughs. The main results of this study indicate that there is no direct correlation between creativity and diversity. Some significant correlations have been observed, however, between variables that shape such indices. Namely, the “creative class” tend to live in more diverse, more heterogeneous neighbourhoods (alongside people from many different countries) and they are more prepared to tolerate such diverse environments. The study also shows that diversity of geographical origin (measured by country of origin) is a more relevant factor for boosting creativity than variables such as religious diversity. This article contributes to the theoretical field of research exploring the impact of diversity on creative people and cities

El Caso de Ganemos Zaragoza: Una aproximación desde la sociología relacional

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación que ha analizado la génesis del movimiento Ganemos Zaragoza/Zaragoza en Común (GZ/ZeC) y el paso a su constitución como formación política. A partir del análisis de los datos de una encuesta (n=253) y entrevistas a informantes clave, mostramos que los movimientos sociales (entendidos como una nueva red social) nacen en situaciones sociales “enredadas”. Para alcanzar tal fin, nos situamos en la mirada teórica de los movimientos sociales desde una perspectiva relacional. Entre sus principales resultados se ha podido comprobar cómo GZ/ZeC se tejió, en un primer momento, a través de los contactos y alianzas que se establecieron entre movimientos sociales preexistentes, que terminaron por construir la malla relacional desde la que se fue edificando y fortaleciendo el movimiento. Por tanto, este texto sirve para comprender el proceso de configuración de las candidaturas de confluencias municipales en las elecciones de mayo de 2015. This article presents the results of research related to analyzing the genesis of the Ganemos Zaragoza / Zaragoza in Common (GZ/ZeC) movement and its passage to constituting a political formation. Through an analysis of a survey data (n=253) and key informant interviews, we show that social movements (understood as a new social network) are born in “convoluted” social situations. To achieve this goal, we look at the theoretical view of social movements from a relational perspective. Among the main results we can see how GZ/ZeC was formed, at first, through contacts and partnerships established between preexisting social movements, that eventually ended up gaining relational support from which the movement was built and strengthened. Therefore, this text serves to understand how the process was set up for candidates in the municipal elections of May 2015

Investigation of enhanced second harmonic generation in laser-induced air plasma

We report a systematic investigation into the processes behind a near hundredfold enhanced second harmonic wave generated from a laser-induced air plasma, by examining the temporal dynamics of the frequency conversion processes, and the polarization of the emitted second harmonic beam. Contrary to typical nonlinear optical processes, the enhanced second harmonic generation efficiency is only observed within a sub-picosecond time window and found to be nearly constant across fundamental pulse durations spanning from 0.1 ps to over 2 ps. We further demonstrate that with the adopted orthogonal pump-probe configuration, the polarization of second harmonic field exhibits a complex dependence on the polarization of both input fundamental beams, contrasting with most of the previous experiments with a single-beam geometry

Production and optical properties of liquid scintillator for the JSNS2^{2} experiment

The JSNS$^{2}$ (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) experiment will search for neutrino oscillations over a 24 m short baseline at J-PARC. The JSNS$^{2}$ inner detector will be filled with 17 tons of gadolinium-loaded liquid scintillator (LS) with an additional 31 tons of unloaded LS in the intermediate $\gamma$-catcher and outer veto volumes. JSNS$^{2}$ has chosen Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB) as an organic solvent because of its chemical properties. The unloaded LS was produced at a refurbished facility, originally used for scintillator production by the RENO experiment. JSNS$^{2}$ plans to use ISO tanks for the storage and transportation of the LS. In this paper, we describe the LS production, and present measurements of its optical properties and long term stability. Our measurements show that storing the LS in ISO tanks does not result in degradation of its optical properties.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Time and Amplitude of Afterpulse Measured with a Large Size Photomultiplier Tube

We have studied the afterpulse of a hemispherical photomultiplier tube for an upcoming reactor neutrino experiment. The timing, the amplitude, and the rate of the afterpulse for a 10 inch photomultiplier tube were measured with a 400 MHz FADC up to 16 \ms time window after the initial signal generated by an LED light pulse. The time and amplitude correlation of the afterpulse shows several distinctive groups. We describe the dependencies of the afterpulse on the applied high voltage and the amplitude of the main light pulse. The present data could shed light upon the general mechanism of the afterpulse.Comment: 11 figure