On the issues of legal regulations for the national security system – legal conditions of the logistics and coordination of multilateral rescue operations

W artykule zaprezentowano teoretycznoprawną a oraz dogmatycznoprawną analizę prawnej problematyki logistycznego zabezpieczenia wielopodmiotowych akcji ratowniczych. Analizie prawniczej poddany został wyodrębniony zbiór obowiązujących aktów prawnych rangi ustawowej, akty wykonawcze oraz dokumenty programowe. Przyjęte hipotezy badawcze dotyczące prawnej regulacji wielopodmiotowych akcji ratowniczych, ich spójności, niesprzeczności oraz ewentualnych luk w obowiązującym prawie zostały poddane falsyfikacji. Zdekodowano i dokonano komparatystyki prawniczej uprawnień i obowiązków poszczególnych organów administracji publicznej oraz obszary ich ustawowego obowiązku współpracy w badanym zakresie. Wskazano na problem braku jednej i jednolitej zarazem systemowej regulacji mającej za przedmiot ustawowy obowiązek współdziałania organów admin. publ. w akcjach ratowniczych (różnego rodzaju), oraz problem braku jednoznacznego podziału kompetencji a także rodzaju i zakresu odpowiedzialności z tytułu wadliwego ich wykonywania lub niewykonywania. W następstwie przeprowadzonego badania uznano, iż optymalizacja prawnego zabezpieczenia logistyki WAR poprzez wytworzenie nowego kompleksowego systemu regulacji prawnych jest w obecnym stanie niepożądana, wskazując równocześnie konkretne funkcjonalności (zalety) obowiązujących uregulowań oraz konkretne konieczne do przeprowadzenia czynności nowelizacyjne i derogacyjne. Wykazano zasadność przyjęcie schematu postępowania, ramach którego nie można akceptować dalej stanu braku procedur w odniesieniu do współpracy służb/współdziałania organów admin. publ. w akcjach wielopodmiotowych a wskazane procedury mogę być tylko i wyłącznie efektem praktyki tzn. do procedur poprzez ćwiczenia a nie poprzez prawo do ćwiczeń.The article presents a legal and theoretical, as well as legal and dogmatic analysis of the legal problems of logistics support for multilateral rescue operations. A separate set of binding legal statutory acts, implementing acts, and policy documents were subjected to the legal analysis. An accepted working hypothesis regarding the legal regulations of multilateral rescue operations, their coherence, consistency, and possible loopholes in the law were subjected to falsifiability. The competences and obligations of the respective public administration institutions and the spheres of their statutory obligation to collaborate in the researched range were decoded and subjected to legal analysis. The analysis indicated the problem of a lack of a single and unified systematical regulation, the objective of which is the statutory obligation of the collaboration of public administration institutions in rescue operations (of various kinds) and the problem of a lack of a clear division of competences as well as the type and scope of liability in case of improper performance or a failure to perform. As a result of the conducted research, it was determined that optimisation of legal support for the logistic of multilateral rescue operation through creation of a new and comprehensive system of legal regulation is in its current state undesirable and it also indicated specific functionalities (advantages) of the existing regulations and specific necessary amendments and derogations. The research also found legitimacy for adopting a scheme of conduct under which it would be unacceptable to continue with a lack of legal procedures with regards to cooperation of agencies/ collaboration of public administration institutions in multilateral operations and for which specified procedures can be exclusively derived from practice, i.e., towards procedures gained from the exercise itself, not procedures stipulated in the laws

Effect of raw material and processing parameters on some sensory features of extruded snacks

Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Effect of processing conditions on the colour of extruded snacks

Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Impact of acute total occlusion of the culprit artery on outcome in NSTEMI based on the results of a large national registry

Abstract Background The impact of acute total occlusion (TO) of the culprit artery in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is not fully established. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and angiographic phenotype and outcome of NSTEMI patients with TO (NSTEMITO) compared to NSTEMI patients without TO (NSTEMINTO) and those with ST-segment elevation and TO (STEMITO). Methods Demographic, clinical and procedure-related data of patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between 2014 and 2017 from the Polish National Registry were analysed. Results We evaluated 131,729 patients: NSTEMINTO (n = 65,206), NSTEMITO (n = 16,209) and STEMITO (n = 50,314). The NSTEMITO group had intermediate results compared to the NSTEMINTO and STEMITO groups regarding mean age (68.78 ± 11.39 vs 65.98 ± 11.61 vs 64.86 ± 12.04 (years), p < 0.0001), Killip class IV on admission (1.69 vs 2.48 vs 5.03 (%), p < 0.0001), cardiac arrest before admission (2.19 vs 3.09 vs 6.02 (%), p < 0.0001) and death during PCI (0.43 vs 0.97 vs 1.76 (%), p < 0.0001)—for NSTEMINTO, NSTEMITO and STEMITO, respectively. However, we noticed that the NSTEMITO group had the longest time from pain to first medical contact (median 4.0 vs 5.0 vs 2.0 (hours), p < 0.0001) and the lowest frequency of TIMI flow grade 3 after PCI (88.61 vs 83.36 vs 95.57 (%), p < 0.0001) and that the left circumflex artery (LCx) was most often the culprit lesion (14.09 vs 35.86 vs 25.42 (%), p < 0.0001). Conclusions The NSTEMITO group clearly differed from the NSTEMINTO group. NSTEMITO appears to be an intermediate condition between NSTEMINTO and STEMITO, although NSTEMITO patients have the longest time delay to and the worst result of PCI, which can be explained by the location of the culprit lesion in the LCx

microRNA Expression Profile in Single Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancers Is Mainly Dependent on HER2 Status—A Pilot Study

Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors and HER2 are crucial in the assessment of breast cancer specimens due to their prognostic and predictive significance. Single hormone receptor-positive breast cancers are less common and their clinical course is less favorable than ER(+)/PgR(+) tumors. Their molecular features, especially microRNA (miRNA) profiles, have not been investigated to date. Tumor specimens from 36 chemonaive breast cancer patients with known ER and PgR status (18 ER(+)/PgR(&minus;) and 18 ER(&minus;)/PgR(+) cases) were enrolled to the study. The expression of 829 miRNAs was evaluated with nCounter Human v3 miRNA expression Assay (NanoString). miRNAs differentiating between ER/PgR/HER2 phenotypes were selected based on fold change (FC) calculated for the mean normalized counts of each probe in compared groups. The differences were estimated with Student&rsquo;s t-test or Two-Way ANOVA (considering also the HER2 status). The results were validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Following quality control of raw data, fourcases were excluded due to low sample quality, leaving 14 ER(+)/PgR(&minus;) and 18 ER(&minus;)/PgR(+) cases. After correction for multiple comparisons, we did not find miRNA signature differentiating between ER(&minus;)/PgR(+) and ER(+)/PgR(&minus;) breast cancers. However, a trend for differing expression (p-value &le; 0.05; FDR &gt; 0.2; ANOVA) in eight miRNAs was observed. The ER(+)/PgR(&minus;) group demonstrated elevated levels of four miRNAs&mdash;miR-30a-5p, miR-29c-3p, miR-141-3p and miR-423-5p&mdash;while the ER(&minus;)/PgR(+) tumors were enriched in another four miRNAs&mdash;miR-514b-5p, miR-424-5p, miR-495-3p, and miR-92a-3p. For one of the miRNAs&mdash;miR-29c-3p&mdash;the association with the ER(+)/PgR(&minus;) phenotype was confirmed in the TCGA cohort (p-value = 0.024; t-test). HER2 amplification/overexpression in the NanoString cohort was related to significant differences observed in 33 miRNA expression levels (FDR &le; 0.2; ANOVA). The association with HER2 status was confirmed in the TCGA cohort for four miRNAs (miR-1180-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-30d-5p, and miR-195-5p). The main differences in miRNA expression amongst single hormone receptor-positive tumors were identified according to their HER2 status. However, ER(+)/PgR(&minus;) cases tended to express higher levels of miRNAs associated with ER-positivity (miR-30a-5p, miR-29c-3p, miR-141-3p), whereas ER(&minus;)/PgR(+) cancers showed elevated levels of miRNAs characteristic for double- and triple-negative tumors (miR-92a-3p, miR-424-5p). Further studies are necessary to comprehensively analyze miRNA signatures characteristic of ER(&minus;)/PgR(+) and ER(+)/PgR(&minus;) tumors