European climate response to tropical volcanic eruptions over the last half millennium

We analyse the winter and summer climatic signal following 15 major tropical volcanic eruptions over the last half millennium based on multi-proxy reconstructions for Europe. During the first and second post-eruption years we find significant continental scale summer cooling and somewhat drier conditions over Central Europe. In the Northern Hemispheric winter the volcanic forcing induces an atmospheric circulation response that significantly follows a positive NAO state connected with a significant overall warm anomaly and wetter conditions over Northern Europe. Our findings compare well with GCM studies as well as observational studies, which mainly cover the substantially shorter instrumental period and thus include a limited set of major eruptions

Influence of brown seaweed on selected parameters of non-specific immunity in sheep

The aim of the experiment was tested the immunomodulation effect of brown seaweed on non-specific blood parameters of immunity in Sumavka sheep. Preparation was supplemented 225 days in two groups of six months old sheep. Average numbers of blood parameters in experimental and control group: phagocytic activity of neutrophils – 85,88 % and 85,94 %, bactericidity of blood 55,59 % and 67,67 %. Between groups weren’t statistically signifi-cant differences

An experimental 392-year documentary-based multi-proxy (vine and grain) reconstruction of May-July temperatures for KAszeg, West-Hungary

In this paper, we present a 392-year-long preliminary temperature reconstruction for western Hungary. The reconstructed series is based on five vine- and grain-related historical phenological series from the town of KAszeg. We apply dendrochronological methods for both signal assessment of the phenological series and the resultant temperature reconstruction. As a proof of concept, the present reconstruction explains 57% of the temperature variance of May-July Budapest mean temperatures and is well verified with coefficient of efficiency values in excess of 0.45. The developed temperature reconstruction portrays warm conditions during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries with a period of cooling until the coldest reconstructed period centred around 1815, which was followed by a period of warming until the 1860s. The phenological evidence analysed here represent an important data source from which non-biased estimates of past climate can be derived that may provide information at all possible time-scales.</p