217 research outputs found
Student interpretations of the terms in first-order ordinary differential equations in modelling contexts
A study of first-year undergraduate studentsⲠinterpretational difficulties with first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in modelling contexts was conducted using a diagnostic quiz, exam questions and follow-up interviews. These investigations indicate that when thinking about such ODEs, many students muddle thinking about the function that gives the quantity to be determined and the equation for the quantity's rate of change, and at least some seem unaware of the need for unit consistency in the terms of an ODE. It appears that shifting from amount-type thinking to rates-of-change-type thinking is difficult for many students. Suggestions for pedagogical change based on our results are made
Contextualising Apartheid at the End of Empire: Repression, âDevelopmentâ and the Bantustans
This article examines the global dynamics of late colonialism and how these informed
South African apartheid. More specifically, it locates the programmes of mass
relocation and bantustan âself-governmentâ that characterised apartheid after 1959 in
relation to three key dimensions. Firstly, the article explores the global circulation of
idioms of âdevelopmentâ and trusteeship in the first half of the twentieth century and its
significance in shaping segregationist policy; secondly, it situates bantustan âselfgovernmentâ
in relation to the history of decolonisation and the partitions and
federations that emerged as late colonial solutions; and, thirdly, it locates the
tightening of rural village planning in the bantustans after 1960 in relation to the
elaboration of anti-colonial liberation struggles, repressive southern African settler
politics and the Cold War. It argues that, far from developing policies that were at odds
with the global âwind of changeâ, South African apartheid during the 1960s and 1970s
reflected much that was characteristic about late colonial strategy
General anaesthetic and airway management practice for obstetric surgery in England: a prospective, multi-centre observational study
There are no current descriptions of general anaesthesia characteristics for obstetric surgery, despite recent changes to patient baseline characteristics and airway management guidelines. This analysis of data from the direct reporting of awareness in maternity patients' (DREAMY) study of accidental awareness during obstetric anaesthesia aimed to describe practice for obstetric general anaesthesia in England and compare with earlier surveys and best-practice recommendations. Consenting patients who received general anaesthesia for obstetric surgery in 72 hospitals from May 2017 to August 2018 were included. Baseline characteristics, airway management, anaesthetic techniques and major complications were collected. Descriptive analysis, binary logistic regression modelling and comparisons with earlier data were conducted. Data were collected from 3117 procedures, including 2554 (81.9%) caesarean deliveries. Thiopental was the induction drug in 1649 (52.9%) patients, compared with propofol in 1419 (45.5%). Suxamethonium was the neuromuscular blocking drug for tracheal intubation in 2631 (86.1%), compared with rocuronium in 367 (11.8%). Difficult tracheal intubation was reported in 1 in 19 (95%CI 1 in 16-22) and failed intubation in 1 in 312 (95%CI 1 in 169-667). Obese patients were over-represented compared with national baselines and associated with difficult, but not failed intubation. There was more evidence of change in practice for induction drugs (increased use of propofol) than neuromuscular blocking drugs (suxamethonium remains the most popular). There was evidence of improvement in practice, with increased monitoring and reversal of neuromuscular blockade (although this remains suboptimal). Despite a high risk of difficult intubation in this population, videolaryngoscopy was rarely used (1.9%)
Stuttering and communicative suitability of speech
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The impact of grazing management on limestone pavements in Wales
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:3096.2392(346) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
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