Submarine Mass Flow Deposition of Pre-Pleistocene Ice-Age Deposits

Pre-Pleistocene ice ages, which are based on till-like rocks, challenge the Genesis Flood as the origin of sedimentary rocks. The first postulated ancient ice age was based on a miSinterpretation of a fanglomerate in England. The till-like layers exhibit several features that are contrary to recent or Pleistocene glaciation. Since 1950, mass flow has been shown to not only duplicate the till-like fabric of the rock, but also mimic many glacial diagnostic features. The best example of a pre-Pleistocene ice age, the late Paleozoic Dwyka \u27\u27tillite\u27\u27 from South Africa, will be evaluated. Submarine mass flow during the Genesis Flood is a more likely explanation for prePleistocene ice ages

Evidence for Only One Gigantic Lake Missoula Flood

The Lake Missoula flood was rejected by scientists for 40 years because it seemed too “Biblical” in scale. After geologists carefully examined the Channeled Scabland of eastern Washington, they finally accepted that glacial Lake Missoula existed and created a gigantic flood through eastern Washington, the Columbia Gorge and the Willamette Valley of Oregon. The evidence for this flood and the controversy surrounding it will be briefly discussed. Once the idea of a gigantic flood caught on, researchers, starting with Bretz himself, thought they saw evidence for many floods. In the 1980s Richard Waitt postulated 40 floods based primarily on rhythmites from Burlingame Canyon in the Walla Walla Valley. It was the existence of a band of volcanic ash in these rhythmites that especially convinced Waitt. He was followed soon by Brian Atwater who claimed there were 89 or more floods from the Sanpoil River Valley, northeast of Grand Coulee Dam. This adds up to over 3000 years of periodic flooding near and after the peak of the last ice age. Starting in the 1990s, the number of floods has been scaled back by some researchers. John Shaw and colleagues have published evidence for only one Lake Missoula flood, coming full circle back to Bretz’s original idea. The evidence for one gigantic flood is compelling and will be presented. An alternative hypothesis for the deposition of the volcanic ash band during one flood will be developed. The Lake Missoula flood can be used as an imperfect analog for the Genesis Flood, especially for the formation of water and wind gaps

An Ice Age Within the Biblical Time Frame

The ice age is one of many physical processes believed by evolutionists to require much more time than the Bible allows. However, there Is evidence that the climatic consequences of Noah\u27s Flood caused a rapid Ice age. All uniformitarian ice age mechanisms, Including the astronomical theory, have serious scientific difficulties

The Evidence for Only One Ice Age

Evolutionists believe in many Late Cenozoic ice ages, each lasting a long time. Previously, I showed that one ice age can occur very rapidly. Generally accepted evidence from history, climate simulations, paleontology, and the till deposits themselves indicate that one ice age is much more probable than many

A Diluvial Interpretation of the Cypress Hills Formation, Flaxville Gravel, and Related Deposits

Much of the Northem Plains Physiographic Province is characterized by extensive, planar erosion surfaces. Many of these surfaces are capped by gravel showing evidence of fluvial transport. This paper provides a description of the Cypress Hills Formation, Flaxville gravel, and related deposits. These deposits are very difficult to explain within uniformitarian geomorphological theory. A diluvial interpretation provides a superior explanation for the origin of these deposits. Implications of this interpretation are summarized, including problems with traditional age dating, likely formative processes for similar features found throughout the world, and the probable location of the Flood/post-Flood boundary in the geologic record

Paleohydrology of the Cypress Hills Formation and Flaxville Gravel

The Cypress Hills Formation and Flaxville gravel are laterally extensive deposits of gravel and conglomerate. They cap surficial erosion surfaces in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, and northern Montana, U.S.A. As detrital sediments, their probable origin is inextricably linked with the question of transport. Most of the clasts are exotic, with the probable source areas in the Rocky Mountains of Montana or Idaho. A variety of potential sediment transport mechanisms is examined and paleohydrologic principles applied to evaluate the probable depositional environment. The probable depositional environment is of great significance in evaluating the diluvial/postdiluvial boundary in the northern Great Plains

Interactive cross-language document selection

The problem of finding documents written in a language that the searcher cannot read is perhaps the most challenging application of cross-language information retrieval technology. In interactive applications, that task involves at least two steps: (1) the machine locates promising documents in a collection that is larger than the searcher could scan, and (2) the searcher recognizes documents relevant to their intended use from among those nominated by the machine. This article presents the results of experiments designed to explore three techniques for supporting interactive relevance assessment: (1) full machine translation, (2) rapid term-by-term translation, and (3) focused phrase translation. Machine translation was found to better support this task than term-by-term translation, and focused phrase translation further improved recall without an adverse effect on precision. The article concludes with an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the evaluation framework used in this study and some remarks on implications of these results for future evaluation campaigns

On automatic filtering of multilingual texts

An emerging requirement to sift through the increasing ood of text information has led to the rapid development of information ltering technology in the past ve years. This study introduces novel approaches for ltering texts regardless of their source language. We begin with a brief description of related developments in text ltering and multilingual information retrieval. We then present three alternative approaches to selecting texts from a multilingual information stream which represent a logical evolution from existing techniques in related disciplines. Finally, a practical automated performance evaluation technique is proposed.

A Survey of Multilingual Text Retrieval

This report reviews the present state of the art in selection of texts in one language based on queries in another, a problem we refer to as ``multilingual'' text retrieval. Present applications of multilingual text retrieval systems are limited by the cost and complexity of developing and using the multilingual thesauri on which they are based and by the level of user training that is required to achieve satisfactory search effectiveness. A general model for multilingual text retrieval is used to review the development of the field and to describe modern production and experimental systems. The report concludes with some observations on the present state of the art and an extensive bibliography of the technical literature on multilingual text retrieval. The research reported herein was supported, in part, by Army Research Office contract DAAL03-91-C-0034 through Battelle Corporation, NSF NYI IRI-9357731, Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow Award BR3336, and a General Research Board Semester Award. (Also cross-referenced as UMIACS-TR-96-19