How We Taught the Dyaks to Tithe

The story I am about to relate is concerning the work of the Lord in the Belitang area of West Borneo. This region was opened to the gospel in the early months of 1935 and four years later, there was a total number of 2,640 baptized believers.https://digitalcommons.biola.edu/biola-pubs/1062/thumbnail.jp

Then Cometh the Harvest

As given during missionary emphasis month over the Bible Institute Hour Preaching at midnight to hungry hearts Why didn\u27t your grandfather come? The man in the cage healed and saved How we taught the Dyaks to pray The man with the mustache Bind the sacrifice with cords Sign and miracles in this twentieth centuryhttps://digitalcommons.biola.edu/biola-radio-pubs/1162/thumbnail.jp

Reflections on Common Grace

Dr. Richard Mouw gave a presentation for the Dordt College annual Pastors\u27 Day, September 9, 2002. His article below, given as a lecture for students, faculty, and guests in a public forum, deals with the issue of common grace. Respondents included Rev. Steven Key, Pastor of the Protestant Reformed Church in Hull, Iowa, and Dr. John Kok, Professor of Philosophy at Dordt College

Capturing optically important constituents and properties in a marine biogeochemical and ecosystem model

We present a numerical model of the ocean that couples a three-stream radiative transfer component with a marine biogeochemical–ecosystem component in a dynamic three-dimensional physical framework. The radiative transfer component resolves the penetration of spectral irradiance as it is absorbed and scattered within the water column. We explicitly include the effect of several optically important water constituents (different phytoplankton functional types; detrital particles; and coloured dissolved organic matter, CDOM). The model is evaluated against in situ-observed and satellite-derived products. In particular we compare to concurrently measured biogeochemical, ecosystem, and optical data along a meridional transect of the Atlantic Ocean. The simulation captures the patterns and magnitudes of these data, and estimates surface upwelling irradiance analogous to that observed by ocean colour satellite instruments. We find that incorporating the different optically important constituents explicitly and including spectral irradiance was crucial to capture the variability in the depth of the subsurface chlorophyll a (Chl a) maximum. We conduct a series of sensitivity experiments to demonstrate, globally, the relative importance of each of the water constituents, as well as the crucial feedbacks between the light field, the relative fitness of phytoplankton types, and the biogeochemistry of the ocean. CDOM has proportionally more importance at attenuating light at short wavelengths and in more productive waters, phytoplankton absorption is relatively more important at the subsurface Chl a maximum, and water molecules have the greatest contribution when concentrations of other constituents are low, such as in the oligotrophic gyres. Scattering had less effect on attenuation, but since it is important for the amount and type of upwelling irradiance, it is crucial for setting sea surface reflectance. Strikingly, sensitivity experiments in which absorption by any of the optical constituents was increased led to a decrease in the size of the oligotrophic regions of the subtropical gyres: lateral nutrient supplies were enhanced as a result of decreasing high-latitude productivity. This new model that captures bio-optical feedbacks will be important for improving our understanding of the role of light and optical constituents on ocean biogeochemistry, especially in a changing environment. Further, resolving surface upwelling irradiance will make it easier to connect to satellite-derived products in the future

Absorption and fluorescence properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter of the eastern Bering Sea in the summer with special reference to the influence of a cold pool

The absorption and fluorescence properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) are reported for the inner shelf, slope waters and outer shelf regions of the eastern Bering Sea during the summer of 2008, when a warm, thermally stratified surface mixed layer lay over a cold pool (< 2 °C) that occupied the entire middle shelf. CDOM absorption at 355 nm (<i>a</i>_g355) and its spectral slope (<i>S</i>) in conjunction with excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) revealed large variability in the characteristics of CDOM in different regions of the Bering Sea. PARAFAC analysis aided in the identification of three humic-like (components one, two and five) and two protein-like (a tyrosine-like component three, and a tryptophan-like component four) components. In the extensive shelf region, average absorption coefficients at 355 nm (<i>a</i>_g355, m⁻¹) and DOC concentrations (μM) were highest in the inner shelf (0.342 ± 0.11 m⁻¹, 92.67 ± 14.60 μM) and lower in the middle (0.226 ± 0.05 m⁻¹, 78.38 ± 10.64 μM) and outer (0.185 ± 0.05 m⁻¹, 79.24 ± 18.01 μM) shelves, respectively. DOC concentrations, however were not significantly different, suggesting CDOM sources and sinks to be uncoupled from DOC. Mean spectral slopes <i>S</i> were elevated in the middle shelf (24.38 ± 2.25 μm⁻¹) especially in the surface waters (26.87 ± 2.39 μm⁻¹) indicating high rates of photodegradation in the highly stratified surface mixed layer, which intensified northwards in the northern middle shelf likely contributing to greater light penetration and to phytoplankton blooms at deeper depths. The fluorescent humic-like components one, two, and five were most elevated in the inner shelf most likely from riverine inputs. Along the productive "green belt" in the outer shelf/slope region, absorption and fluorescence properties indicated the presence of fresh and degraded autochthonous DOM. Near the Unimak Pass region of the Aleutian Islands, low DOC and <i>a</i>_g355 (mean 66.99 ± 7.94 μM; 0.182 ± 0.05 m⁻¹) and a high <i>S</i> (mean 25.95 ± 1.58 μm⁻¹) suggested substantial photobleaching of the Alaska Coastal Water, but high intensities of humic-like and protein-like fluorescence suggested sources of fluorescent DOM from coastal runoff and glacier meltwaters during the summer. The spectral slope <i>S</i> vs. <i>a</i>_g355 relationship revealed terrestrial and oceanic end members along with intermediate water masses that were modeled using nonlinear regression equations that could allow water mass differentiation based on CDOM optical properties. Spectral slope <i>S</i> was negatively correlated (<i>r</i>² = 0.79) with apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) for waters extending from the middle shelf into the deep Bering Sea indicating increasing microbial alteration of CDOM with depth. Although our data show that the CDOM photochemical environment of the Bering Sea is complex, our current information on its optical properties will aid in better understanding of the biogeochemical role of CDOM in carbon budgets in relation to the annual sea ice and phytoplankton dynamics, and to improved algorithms of ocean color remote sensing for this region

What are the causes of hypomagnesemia?

The causes of magnesium depletion and hypomagnesemia are decreased gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and increased renal loss. Decreased GI absorption is frequently due to diarrhea, malabsorption, and inadequate dietary intake. Common causes of excessive urinary loss are diuresis due to alcohol, glycosuria, and loop diuretics. Medical conditions putting persons at high risk for hypomagnesemia are alcoholism, congestiveheart failure, diabetes, chronic diarrhea, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and malnutrition (strength of recommendation: C, based on expert opinion, physiology, and case series). Evidence suggests that magnesium deficiency is both more common and more clinically significant than generally appreciated

Theology, News and Notes - Vol. 50, No. 01

Theology News & Notes was a theological journal published by Fuller Theological Seminary from 1954 through 2014.https://digitalcommons.fuller.edu/tnn/1146/thumbnail.jp

Encounters, norms, crowding, management, and behavioral responses of visitors at coastal state parks in Oregon

With the baby boomer cohort retiring and arguably having more time for outdoor recreation, coupled with population increases and government agencies encouraging people to recreate outdoors, areas such as state and national parks will likely continue seeing high visitation. It is imperative, therefore, for outdoor recreation managers and researchers to understand issues related to use levels such as reported encounters, perceived crowding, normative tolerances, and behavioral responses to these conditions. This thesis uses data from visitors at coastal state parks in Oregon to examine: (a) their encounters, norms, and crowding; (b) the proportion of visitors who encounter more people than their normative tolerance, and whether these individuals feel most crowded and are most supportive of direct actions for managing use levels at these parks; and (c) behavioral responses that visitors are likely to impose if their norms are violated, and whether these responses are related to the salience (i.e., importance) of encounters. Data were obtained from questionnaires completed by 9,063 visitors at nine day and 10 overnight state parks on the Oregon coast. Results showed that overnight visitors encountered more people and felt more crowded than day visitors, with 68% of all overnight and 46% of all day visitors feeling crowded. Compared to visitors who encountered fewer people than their normative tolerance, visitors who encountered more people than their norm felt significantly more crowded and were more supportive of strategies for restricting use levels. Day visitors would respond differently than overnight visitors if they encountered more people than they would tolerate seeing (i.e., their norm). Day visitors, for example, would be most likely to avoid peak use times or redefine their experience, whereas overnight visitors would be most likely to express their opinions to those close to them (e.g., friends, family, members of their group). Visitors who indicated that encounters were salient (i.e., important) would be more likely to engage in these behavioral responses than those who did not consider encounters to be salient. These findings also differed among some of the state parks sampled. This thesis contains two standalone articles discussing these findings and their implications for management, theory, and future research