Shedding Light on Shadow IT: Definition, Related Concepts, and Consequences

The use of Information Technology (IT) without the approval and support of the IT department, called shadow IT, has challenged organizations to rethink ways to manage IT resources to cope with the use of unauthorized technologies within organizations. We review the literature on shadow IT to shed light on this phenomenon, discussing the conceptual definition and types, the related concepts, and its consequences. This study, then, is an effort to better understand the phenomenon based on the extant literature. We provide contributions by enhancing the emerging body of knowledge on shadow IT, as well as by suggesting research gaps to be addressed in future research in order to advance on the topic

Theories in Business and Information Systems Engineering

Even though the idea of science enjoys an impressive reputation, there seems to be no precise conception of science. On the one hand, there is no unified definition of the extension of activities subsumed under the notion of science. According to the narrow conception that is common in Anglo-Saxon countries, science is restricted to those disciplines that investigate nature and aim at explanation and prediction of natural phenomena. A wider conception that can be found in various European countries includes social sciences, the humanities and engineering. On the other hand and related to the first aspect, there is still no general consensus on the specific characteristics of scientific discoveries and scientific knowledge

Etude de monocouches par réflectométrie de rayons X blancs, influence de la dispersion anormale sur les franges de Kiessig

Metallic layers have been characterised using X-ray energy dispersive reflectometry. The source was the Bremsstrahlung from an X-ray tube and the detector, a SiLi diode. The energy values of the extrema of Kiessig fringes lead to the value of the thickness and the average density of the layer. Near an absorption edge of one of the constituents of the layer, fringe patterns appear perturbed and the influence of the anomalous dispersion term is studied.On montre que des monocouches métalliques peuvent être caractérisées en réflectométrie par dispersion d'énergie des rayons X. La source est le Bremsstrahlung émis par un tube et le faisceau réfléchi spéculairement est analysé à l'aide d'un détecteur silicium-lithium. A partir des valeurs de l'énergie où se situent les franges de Kiessig, il est possible de déduire l'épaisseur de la couche mince et d'estimer sa densité moyenne. Le système de franges est perturbé au voisinage de l'energie des seuils d'absorption des éléments constituant la couche, l'influence du terme de dispersion anormale peut être ainsi mis en évidence

Development of differently determined and differently targeted Cave Environment Protection Perimeters using hydrogeological basis

International audienceConserving a cave with important historical and archeological artifacts needs protection measures. Cave Environment Protection Perimeters (CEPP) operational framework is proposed as a conservation measure tool for the cave and its environment. In this study, Cussac Cave was examined. Water infiltration is the main identified threat as it can bring pollutants into the cave. Three nested CEPP zones were then identified covering three important resource safeguarding intentions. First is on determining the possible water path infiltration through fractures from surface to cave (CEPP 1). Second is on delineating watershed of water that can infiltrate above the cave after run-off (CEPP 2). And third is on determining the limits that can constrain groundwater circulation (CEPP 3). According to the objective, the CEPP were obtained using a combination of classical tools such as geomorphology, topography, hydrological parameters (water flow and chemistry), and artificial tracing. The immediate CEPP 1 is close and is small in size (0.5 km2) which can be prone to both chronic and acute pollution through direct infiltration above the cave. The hydrologic CEPP 2 is medium size (1.1 km2) which can entail risks concerning chronic and acute pollution that can be brought by surface run-off before infiltration. The hydrogeologic CEPP 3 is the largest of the three (3.9 km2). Recommendations in each zone on how to manage the cave environment are presented

Du faciès thermique des parois de la grotte Chauvet -Pont d’Arc (Ardèche) à la caractérisation des feux. expérimentations dans la carrière souterraine de Lugasson (Entre-deux-Mers, Gironde).

International audienceDu faciès thermique des parois de la grotte Chauvet -Pont d’Arc (Ardèche) à la caractérisation des feux. expérimentations dans la carrière souterraine de Lugasson (Entre-deux-Mers, Gironde)

Business process improvement activities: differences in organizational size, culture, and resources

Although there are many business process improvement (BPI) methods, organizations are struggling to apply them effectively. We answer to the call to focus more on the organizational context in BPI projects. We use workarounds – deviations from the prescribed way of using an information system – as a specific angle to approach BPI. In five healthcare organizations of different contextual types, we study workarounds and make recommendations for process improvements. Based on this explorative multiple-case study, we propose a set of contextual activities for each stage of a BPI project. Thereby, we shed light on the differences in tackling process improvements in organizations that differ in size, culture, and the availability of resources for BPI projects. We evaluate the completeness and expected adoption of the proposed contextual BPI activities by organizing two focus groups and conducting a survey

Business Process Improvement Activities : Differences in Organizational Size, Culture, and Resources

Although there are many business process improvement (BPI) methods, organizations are struggling to apply them effectively. We answer to the call to focus more on the organizational context in BPI projects. We use workarounds – deviations from the prescribed way of using an information system – as a specific angle to approach BPI. In five healthcare organizations of different contextual types, we study workarounds and make recommendations for process improvements. Based on this explorative multiple-case study, we propose a set of contextual activities for each stage of a BPI project. Thereby, we shed light on the differences in tackling process improvements in organizations that differ in size, culture, and the availability of resources for BPI projects. We evaluate the completeness and expected adoption of the proposed contextual BPI activities by organizing two focus groups and conducting a survey