Longitudinal and Transverse Form Factors from 12^{12}C

Electron scattering form factors from $^{12}$C have been studied in the framework of the particle-hole shell model. Higher configurations are taken into account by allowing particle-hole excitations from the 1$s$ and 1$p$ shells core orbits up to the 1$f-2p$ shell. The inclusion of the higher configurations modifies the form factors markedly and describes the experimental data very well in all momentum transfer regions.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, late

The effect of core polarization on longitudinal form factors in 10^{10}B

Electron scattering Coulomb form factors for the single-particle quadrupole transitions in $p$-shell $^{10}$B nucleus have been studied. Core polarization effects are included through a microscopic theory that includes excitations from the core orbits up to higher orbits with 2$\hbar$$\omega$ excitations. The modified surface delta interaction (MSDI) is employed as a residual interaction. The effect of core polarization is found essential in both the transition strengths and momentum transfer dependence of form factors, and gives a remarkably good agreement with the measured data with no adjustable parameters.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Using information to deliver safer care: a mixed-methods study exploring general practitioners’ information needs in North West London primary care

The National Health Service in England has given increasing priority to improving inter-professional communication, enabling better management of patients with chronic conditions and reducing medical errors through effective use of information. Despite considerable efforts to reduce patient harm through better information usage, medical errors continue to occur, posing a serious threat to patient safety.This study explores the range, quality and sophistication of existing information systems in primary care with the aim to capture what information practitioners need to provide a safe service and identify barriers to its effective use in care pathways.Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with general practitioners from surgeries in North West London and a survey evaluating their experience with information systems in care pathways.Important information is still missing, specifically discharge summaries detailing medication changes and changes in the diagnosis and management of patients, blood results ordered by hospital specialists and findings from clinical investigations. Participants identified numerous barriers, including the communication gap between primary and secondary care, the variable quality and consistency of clinical correspondence and the inadequate technological integration.Despite attempts to improve integration and information flow in care pathways, existing systems provide practitioners with only partial access to information, hindering their ability to take informed decisions. This study offers a framework for understanding what tools should be in place to enable effective use of information in primary care

Point-of-care C reactive protein for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection in NHS primary care: a qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to adoption

OBJECTIVES: Point-of-care (POC) C reactive protein (CRP) is incorporated in National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for the diagnosis of pneumonia, reduces antibiotic prescribing and is cost effective. AIM: To determine the barriers and facilitators to adoption of POC CRP testing in National Health Service (NHS) primary care for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection. DESIGN: The study followed a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. The study was undertaken in 2 stages. Stage 1 consisted of semistructured interviews with 8 clinicians from Europe and the UK who use the test in routine practice, and focused on their subjective experience in the challenges of implementing POC CRP testing. Stage 2 was a multidisciplinary-facilitated workshop with NHS stakeholders to discuss barriers to adoption, impact of adoption and potential adoption scenarios. Emergent theme analysis was undertaken. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included general practitioners (including those with commissioning experience), biochemists, pharmacists, clinical laboratory scientists and industry representatives from the UK and abroad. RESULTS: Barriers to the implementation of POC CRP exist, but successful adoption has been demonstrated abroad. Analysis highlighted 7 themes: reimbursement and incentivisation, quality control and training, laboratory services, practitioner attitudes and experiences, effects on clinic flow and workload, use in pharmacy and gaps in evidence. CONCLUSIONS: Successful adoption models from the UK and abroad demonstrate a distinctive pattern and involve collaboration with central laboratory services. Incorporating antimicrobial stewardship into quality improvement frameworks may incentivise adoption. Further research is needed to develop scaling-up strategies to address the resourcing, clinical governance and economic impact of widespread NHS implementation

Dipole and Quadrupole electroexcitations of the isovector T=1 particle-hole states in C-12

Electroexcitations of the dominantly T=1 particle-hole states of C-12 are studied in the framework of the harmonic oscillator shell model. All possible T=1 single-particle-hole states of all allowed angular momenta are considered in a basis including single-particle states up to the 1f-2p shell. The Hamiltonian is diagnoalized in this space in the presence of the modified surface delta interaction. Correlation in the ground state wave functions by mixing more than one configuration is considered and shows a major contribution that leads to enhance the calculations of the form factors. A comparison with the experiment shows that this model is able to fit the location of states and a simple scaling of the results give a good fit to the experimental form factors.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables, Late

New Perspective on Passively Quenched Single Photon Avalanche Diodes: Effect of Feedback on Impact Ionization

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are primary devices in photon counting systems used in quantum cryptography, time resolved spectroscopy and photon counting optical communication. SPADs convert each photo-generated electron hole pair to a measurable current via an avalanche of impact ionizations. In this paper, a stochastically self-regulating avalanche model for passively quenched SPADs is presented. The model predicts, in qualitative agreement with experiments, three important phenomena that traditional models are unable to predict. These are: (1) an oscillatory behavior of the persistent avalanche current; (2) an exponential (memoryless) decay of the probability density function of the stochastic quenching time of the persistent avalanche current; and (3) a fast collapse of the avalanche current, under strong feedback conditions, preventing the development of a persistent avalanche current. The model specifically captures the effect of the load’s feedback on the stochastic avalanche multiplication, an effect believed to be key in breaking today’s counting rate barrier in the 1.55–μm detection window

A PROGNOSIS OF WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL AS A POWER GENERATION SOURCE IN BASRA CITY, IRAQ STATE

In this study, wind energy potential of Basra, one southern Iraqi cities, was analyzed for the period of five years from 2004 – 2008. The statistical data of five years’ wind speed measurements of this city are used to find out the wind energy potential. Behind the meteorological data, Weibull distribution method is assessed to evaluate wind characteristics. Based on these data, it was indicated that the numerical values of the shape and scale parameters for Basra varied over a wide range. The yearly values of k (dimensionless Weibull shape parameter), ranged from 1.684 to 4.276 with a mean value of 2.9, while those of C (Weibull scale parameter), were in the range 3.5–8.509 m/s with a mean value of 4.862 m/s. Corresponding values for monthly data of whole year were found to be within the range 2.383–3.116 and 4.425–5.719 m/s, respectively related to k and C Weibull parameters. Results revealed that the highest and the lowest wind power potential are in June and December, respectively. It was also concluded that the site studied is not suitable for electric wind application in a large-scale. It was found that the wind potential of the region can be adequate for non-grid connected electrical and mechanical applications

A PROGNOSIS OF WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL AS A POWER GENERATION SOURCE IN BASRA CITY, IRAQ STATE

In this study, wind energy potential of Basra, one southern Iraqi cities, was analyzed for the period of five years from 2004 – 2008. The statistical data of five years’ wind speed measurements of this city are used to find out the wind energy potential. Behind the meteorological data, Weibull distribution method is assessed to evaluate wind characteristics. Based on these data, it was indicated that the numerical values of the shape and scale parameters for Basra varied over a wide range. The yearly values of k (dimensionless Weibull shape parameter), ranged from 1.684 to 4.276 with a mean value of 2.9, while those of C (Weibull scale parameter), were in the range 3.5–8.509 m/s with a mean value of 4.862 m/s. Corresponding values for monthly data of whole year were found to be within the range 2.383–3.116 and 4.425–5.719 m/s, respectively related to k and C Weibull parameters. Results revealed that the highest and the lowest wind power potential are in June and December, respectively. It was also concluded that the site studied is not suitable for electric wind application in a large-scale. It was found that the wind potential of the region can be adequate for non-grid connected electrical and mechanical applications