Physical activity levels as a quantifier in police officers and cadets

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the physical activity levels of active duty police officers and police academy cadets in different life domains and intensities. These parameters were treated as potential quantifiers that could be used when assessing individuals preparing for work as future police officers. Material and Methods: The study recruited 153 active police officers and 176 cadets attending a police academy and administered a diagnostic survey, the long-form version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, while in the statistical analysis the Student's t-test for independent groups was applied. Results: It was determined that police officers present high physical activity levels within the work domain, which are developed from initial training at a police academy and then throughout their police career. Conclusions: Such data are important in the light of the role police officers play in public safety as well as the prominence of physical activity within a particular profession and how it can be targeted and tailored to their needs

Involvement of NMDA receptor complex in the anxiolytic-like effects of chlordiazepoxide in mice

In the present study, we demonstrated that low, ineffective doses of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists [competitive NMDA antagonist, CGP 37849, at 0.312 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.), antagonist of the glycineB sites, L-701,324, at 2 mg/kg i.p., partial agonist of glycineB sites, d-cycloserine, at 2.5 mg/kg i.p.] administered jointly with an ineffective dose of the benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide (CDP, 2.5 mg/kg i.p.), significantly increased the percentage of time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus-maze (index of anxiolytic effect). Furthermore, CDP-induced anxiolytic-like activity (5 mg/kg i.p.) was antagonized by NMDA (75 mg/kg i.p.) and by an agonist of glycineB sites of the NMDA receptor complex, d-serine [100 nmol/mouse intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.)]. The present study showed a positive interaction between γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate neurotransmission in the anxiolytic-like activity in the elevated plus-maze test in mice and this activity seems to particularly involve the NMDA receptors

Property Tax in the External Zones of the Metropolitan Areas in Western Poland

Celem artykułu jest określenie, jak w zewnętrznych strefach obszarów metropolitalnych Polski Zachodniej kształtuje się polityka podatkowa w odniesieniu do podatku od nieruchomości, tj. jakie występują w tym zakresie tendencje oraz z czego wynikają ewentualne różnice. Do celów artykułu zyskano informacje nt. wysokości stawek podatku od nieruchomości, przyporządkowanych różnym rodzajom nieruchomości w strefach zewnętrznych obszarów metropolitalnych. Uzyskane dane zostały opracowane metodami statystycznymi.The purpose of this paper is to determine how the taxation policy in respect of the property tax is shaped in the external zones of the metropolitan areas of Western Poland, i.e. what tendencies dominate and what are the reasons of tax differences. The authors obtained data on the property tax rates, assigned to various types of real estates applicable in the external zones of the metropolitan areas. The data were processed by statistical methods

Report of a Vegetables Network: Third meeting, 10-12 November 2009, Catania, Italy

The Third Meeting of the ECPGR Vegetables Network was hosted by the University of Catania in Sicily, Italy, on 10-12 November 2009. About 60 representatives of the six ECPGR Vegetables Working Groups (WGs) gathered from 30 countries to discuss about cooperative action for vegetable genetic resources conservation and use. The main focus of the meeting was on the initiative for “A European Genebank Integrated System” (AEGIS). The general concepts of AEGIS – the Strategic Framework, the Memorandum of Understanding, the Most Appropriate Accessions (MAAs) and A Quality Management System for AEGIS (AQUAS) – were presented and discussed. All WGs intend to make progress in the implementation of AEGIS and this requires quality data in the databases. Therefore, efforts will be made to complete the Central Crop Databases as well as include missing data into EURISCO. Efforts to identify MAAs will focus, as a priority, on leek and wild alliums, lettuce and spinach, carrot, melon, Brassica rapa and various Solanaceae crops. A general consensus was expressed by the group about the principles of AQUAS, and the need to reach pragmatic solutions when it comes to defining common standards. Activities specific to each WG were also presented