Reliability of subjective rating of fatigue

V laboratorijskem eksperimentu smo na eni eksperimentalni osebi preizkusili zanesljivost subjektivne ocene utrujenosti. Izpostavili smo jo trem različnim obremenitvam (dinamicni, klimatski. respiratorju) na dveh stopnjah intenzitete ter pri tern registrirali poleg subjektivne ocene utrujenosti se nekatere fizioloske parametre. Po naključnem zaporedu smo vsako kombinacijo ponovili ter ugotovili, da med subjektivno oceno utrujenosti prve in druge serije ni statisticno pomembnih razlik. Pokazalo se je tudi, da obstoja pomembna povezanost med subjektivno oceno utrujenosti in srčno frekvenco. Čeprav rezultatov dobljenih na eni eksperimentalni osebi ni mogoce nekritično posplosevati, je videti, da je subjektivna ocena utrujenosti dovolj zanesljiva metoda za to oceno, če jo pri določenih fizičnih obremenitvah pri trenirani osebi apliciramo dovolj pogosto.A young fit male person was exposed to three laboratory loads, simulating his own professional working conditions. The loads represented cycling at 350, and 650 kpm/min-1, two different climates with ta = 16° C, RH = 80%, v = 0,3 m sec-1, and ta = 30° C, RH = 80%, v = 0,3 m sec-1, and finally the breathing through the respirator »DRAGER with two filters M 105 St«, and breathing without respirator. These loads were combined and each was repeated at random. The subject performed work, each following experimental day, at the same time in 8 cycles, consisting of 15 minutes cycling and 5 minutes rest, and of a half on hour rest at the end of the 8th cycle. The subjective rating of rectal temperature (tR) was recorded. We found different loads significantly correlated with subjective rating of fatigue, which might contribute to the reliability of the method applied at different sources of fatigue. The particular question of the reliability was continued by the repetition of each combination of loads. Between the first and the second application no significant difference existed, whereas the correlation coefficient was 0.75. Subjective rating of fatigue showed a systematic tendency to increase, while the regression line was clearly linear. Likewise the fH was correlated with subjective rating of fatigue; however, to be on safe side, we would say the same factors influenced the increase of fH as that of subjective rating of fatigue. On the other handtR, was in no correlation with subjective rating of fatigue. The results found in one subject could not be generalized without criticism, but for all that we assume that subjective rating of fatigue method could be applied with a satisfactory reliability at various physical loads after the subject has been trained and during work asked sufficiently often

Cell Death in Cyanobacteria: Current Understanding and Recommendations for a Consensus on Its Nomenclature

Cyanobacteria are globally widespread photosynthetic prokaryotes and are major contributors to global biogeochemical cycles. One of the most critical processes determining cyanobacterial eco-physiology is cellular death. Evidence supports the existence of controlled cellular demise in cyanobacteria, and various forms of cell death have been described as a response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, cell death research in this phylogenetic group is a relatively young field and understanding of the underlying mechanisms and molecular machinery underpinning this fundamental process remains largely elusive. Furthermore, no systematic classification of modes of cell death has yet been established for cyanobacteria. In this work, we analyzed the state of knowledge in the field of cyanobacterial cell death. Based on that, we propose unified criterion for the definition of accidental, regulated, and programmed forms of cell death in cyanobacteria based on molecular, biochemical, and morphologic aspects following the directions of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD). With this, we aim to provide a guide to standardize the nomenclature related to this topic in a precise and consistent manner, which will facilitate further ecological, evolutionary, and applied research in the field of cyanobacterial cell death.Facultad de Ciencias ExactasCentro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimento

Patrons, Intermediaries, Venetian Artists in Vienna & Imperial Domains (1650-1750)

The volume explores the history of the relations between patrons, intermediaries, and Venetian artists in Vienna and in the domains of the Holy Roman Empire between 1650 and 1750. In that period, there was no break between the performing and figurative arts. Based on the studies of Francis Haskell, it can also be said that patronage in Vienna in the Baroque age was part of a cosmopolitan network in which intermediaries were key players. The twenty-five essays are case studies of these relationships that took place both in the territories of the House of Habsburg and in the imperial fiefs, as well as in the rest of Europe, including some non-Venetian artists.Il volume approfondisce la storia dei rapporti che occorsero fra mecenati, intermediari e artisti veneziani a Vienna e nei domini del Sacro Romano Impero tra 1650 e 1750. In tale periodo, non ci fu soluzione di continuità tra arti performative e figurative. Basandosi sugli studi di Francis Haskell, si può inoltre affermare che il mecenatismo a Vienna nell'età barocca facesse parte di una rete cosmopolita in cui gli intermediari furono protagonisti fundamentali. I venticinque saggi raccolti prendono in esame casi esemplari di queste relazioni avvenute tanto nei territori della Casa d'Asburgo e nei feudi imperiali, quanto nel resto d'Europa, anche con artisti non veneziani