Komponentenorientierte Wissensdarstellung mit COMODEL

The COMODEL project is aimed at developing a component oriented language for the description of technical systems and prototyping an experimenting environment for the task of modelling technical systems. The COMODEL language is intended to be used in the areas of diagnosis of technical systems and interpretation of technical processes. In COMODEL an associate network represents technical and physical knowledge about a real system by means of a structural description of components and aggregates together with a functional description of underlying concepts and physical properties. An instantiation mechanism generates a network from the associative network, describing the dependencies between physical properties of a real system or of a part of it. The instantiation is controlled by distinct view parameters and results in a behavioral description of the concrete system under a distinct viewpoint

Expertensysteme und ihre Einsatzmoeglichkeiten.

This paper deals with the applied artificial intelligence work that is called expert systems. Expert systems are based on computer programs that do symbolic manipulations and use strategies similar to human intelligence. The paper starts with an overview in use and architecture of existing expert systems. Different techniques of knowledge representation like logic, semantic networks, production systems and frames are submitted. (IITB

CNMA - A european initiative for OSI network management

Computer networks are in widespread use in industrial, technical and administrative environments for many different applications nowadays. Users already rely heavily on networks and networks are expected to become even more important in the future. Therefore it is quite natural that network management has become an important matter in networking. This article describes the concepts, developments and achievements of the European Strategic Programme for Research and Development in Information Technology (ESPRIT) project, Communications Network for Manufacturing Applications (CNMA) in the field of OSI network management

Psychiatric presentations and admissions during the first wave of Covid-19 compared to 2019 in a psychiatric emergency department in Berlin, Germany: a retrospective chart review

Abstract Background Most studies agree that the Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown had a negative impact on mental health. On the other hand, international studies have shown that psychiatric emergency departments (pED) experienced a decrease in presentations and admissions. Methods Retrospective chart review of all pED presentations and admissions during the first wave of Covid-19 pandemic in Germany (Covid-19 period: 3/2/20 to 05/24/20) in a psychiatric hospital in Berlin compared to 1 year earlier (pre-Covid-19 period). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed. Results We observed no statistical significant changes in overall pED presentations and overall hospital admissions during the Covid-19 period compared to the pre-Covid-19 period (813 vs. 894, − 9.1%, p = 0.064 and (363 vs. 437, − 16.9%, p = 0.080 respectively). In the subgroup analysis, less patients with depressive disorders (p = 0.035) and with personality disorders (p = 0.002) presented to the pED, a larger number of presentations with schizophrenia was observed (p = 0.020). In the Covid-19 period, less patients with substance use disorder and paranoid schizophrenia were admitted to the hospital via the pED than in the pre-Covid-19 period (p = 0.035 and p = 0.006, respectively). Bed capacity was reduced in the Covid-19 period by − 32.8% (p <  0.001). Presentations in police custody were 13.7% (p = 0.029) higher during the Covid-19 compared to pre-Covid-19 period, with higher rates in female presentations (p = 0.008) and suicide attempts (p = 0.012) and less hospital admissions (p = 0.048). Logistic regression analyses revealed that positive predictors for pED presentation during Covid-19 period were police custody (p <  0.001), being redirected from another hospital (p <  0.001), suicide attempt (p = 0.038), suicidal thoughts (p = 0.004), presentation with paranoid schizophrenia (p = 0.001) and bipolar and manic disorders (p = 0.004), negative predictors were hospital admission (p <  0.001), depressive disorders (p = 0.021) and personality disorders (p <  0.001). Conclusions A larger number of presentations in police custody during the Covid-19 period may represent untreated medical needs. This was seen predominantly in female patients, suggesting this subgroup might have suffered particularly under lockdown measures. Patients with paranoid schizophrenia were the only subgroup, which increased in absolute numbers, also suggesting a particular lockdown effect. Reduced bed capacity due to infection curbing measures is suggestive to have played an important role in augmenting the threshold for hospital admissions

Multiscale mass conservative domain decomposition preconditioners for elliptic problems on irregular grids

Multiscale methods can in many cases be viewed as special types of domain decomposition preconditioners. The localisation approximations introduced within the multiscale framework are dependent upon both the heterogeneity of the reservoir and the structure of the computational grid. While previous works on multiscale control volume methods have focused on heterogeneous elliptic problems on regular Cartesian grids, we have tested the multiscale control volume formulations on two-dimensional elliptic problems involving heterogeneous media and irregular grid structures. Our study shows that the tangential flow approximation commonly used within multiscale methods is not suited for problems involving rough grids. We present a more robust mass conservative domain decomposition preconditioner for simulating flow in heterogeneous porous media on general grids