Histologi Dorsal Horn Dari Spinal Cord Mencit Yang Mengalami Nyeri Inflamasi Akibat Induksi Cfa (Completed Freuds Adjuvant) Setelah Pemberian Gabapentin Dan Baclofen

Pain is a multidimentional experience, generally most of chronic disease followed by pain incidence. Chronic pain can be caused by inflammation or neuropathic condition and change the imbalance of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B (NR2B) subunit. This research was an observation of the influence of gabapentin and baclofen to dorsal horn histology in inflammatory-induced chronic pain. Fourty mice Balb-C strain were divided into 8 groups i.e sham, negative control, gabapentin at three different doses (10, 30, 100 nmol) and baclofen at three different doses (1, 10, 30 nmol). Inflammatory condition was induced by intraplantar injection of CFA (Completed Freuds Adjuvant). Gabapentin and baclofen were given intrathecally once a day for seven consecutive days, at a week after CFA injection. Latency time toward thermal stimulus was measured on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12 and 14 after CFA injection. Paw thickness at the ipsilateral site was also measured on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 and 14 after CFA injection. Histology of the dorsal horn of spinal cord tissue was examined by haematoxylline-eosin staining. The result showed that intrathecal injection gabapentin and baclofen significantly increased latency time of mice toward thermal stimulus compared to negative control. Whereas gabapentin and baclofen administration could decrease inflammatory cell, vasodilatation and increase neuron forming of the dorsal horn histology compare to negative control. The conclusion of this research was gabapentin and baclofen administration had antinociceptic effect by increased latency time toward thermal stimulus and recoved histology of dorsal horn from mice with inflammatory painKeywords : Inflammation, CFA, Gabapentin, Baclofen, Dorsal horn.AbstrakNyeri merupakan pengalaman yang multidimensional. Umumnya kebanyakan penyakit kronik selalu disertai dengan nyeri. Nyeri kronik dapat disebabkan oleh inflamasi maupun neuropati dengan patofisiologi yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas reseptor N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subunit 2B (NR2B). Sampai saat ini pengobatan nyeri kronik menjadi tantangan. Obat yang bekerja sebagai agonis GABA seperti gabapentin dan baclofen dilaporkan mempunyai peranan penting dalam penghambatan proses nyeri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian gabapentin dan baclofen terhadap histologi dorsal horn pada keadaan nyeri kronik akibat inflamasi. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana gabapentin dan baclofen dapat digunakan sebagai terapi pada nyeri kronik. Empat puluh mencit dibagi menjadi delapan kelompok, yaitu sham, kontrol negatif, gabapentin dosis 10, 30 dan 100 nmol/mencit serta baclofen dosis 1, 10 dan 30 nmol/mencit. keadaan inflamasi diinduksi oleh injeksi intraplantar CFA (Completed Freuds Adjuvants). Gabapentin dan baclofen diberikan secara intratekal sehari sekali selama tujuh hari, pada hari ketujuh setelah induksi CFA. Waktu ketahanan terhadap stimulus panas diukur menggunakan hot/cold plate pada hari ke-0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12 dan 14 setelah induksi. Tebal plantar diukur pada hari ke-0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 dan 14 setelah induksi. Respon nyeri diamati secara visual seperti mendekatkan kedua tungkai kaki ke depan, menjilat tungkai kaki ke depan, gerakan meliuk, berusaha melompat keluar hot/cold plate,dan menghentakkan tungkai belakang. Histologi bagian dorsal horn dari spinal cord diamati menggunakan pewarnaan haematoxyllin-eosin. Pemberian gabapentin dan baclofen meningkatkan waktu ketahanan terhadap stimulus panas secara signifikan dibandingkan kontrol. Secara histologi, pemberian gabapentin dan baclofen menurunkan sel inflamatori, menurunkan vasodilatasi dan meningkatkan bentukan neuron pada dorsal horn dari spinal cord dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian gabapentin dan baclofen meningkatkan waktu ketahanan terhadap stimulus panas serta memperbaiki histologi dorsal horn dari spinal cord mencit dengan nyeri inflamasi setelah induksi CFA.Kata kunci : Nyeri inflamasi, CFA, Gabapentin, Baclofen, Dorsal hor

Efek N-Asetil-L- Sistein (NAC) Terhadap Kadar Adma Plasma Dan Ekspresi Protein Vcam-l Pada Disfungsi Endotel Tikus Diabetes

Endothelial dysfunction is an early state of symptoms in a cardiovascular disease. An elevated oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of macrovascular diabetic complication. The present study was design to evaluate the effect of NAC on plasma ADMA level and the expression of VCAM-1 protein on endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats. Thirty male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups i.e. normal rats, diabetic rats, treatment with NAC 30 mg/kgBW, NAC 56 mg/ kgBW and NAC 100 mg/kgBW. Diabetic rats model was induced by intraperitonial administration of alloxan monohydrate at dose of 150 mg/kgBW, diabetes occurred on 3nd day after alloxan injection and then started treatment of N-acetyl-L-cystein for 28 days. ADMA plasma level was analyzed with Elisa Reader and the expression of VCAM-1 protein was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion of this research is that treatment with NAC 30 mg/kgBW, NAC 56 mg/kgBW and NAC 100 mg/kgBW for 28 days may prevent oxidative stress indicated by the decreasing of plasma ADMA level by 45.8%: 55.75% and 65.92%, respectively and the decreasing of the expression of VCAM-1 protein on endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rat by 24%: 31.75% and 58.92%, respectively