Observations of the Optical Afterglow of GRB 050319 : Wind to ISM transition in view

The collapse of a massive star is believed to be the most probable progenitor of a long GRB. Such a star is expected to modify its environment by stellar wind. The effect of such a circum-stellar wind medium is expected to be seen in the evolution of a GRB afterglow, but has so far not been conclusively found. We claim that a signature of wind to constant density medium transition of circum-burst medium is visible in the afterglow of GRB 050319. Along with the optical observations of the afterglow of GRB 050319 we present a model for the multiband afterglow of GRB 050319. We show that the break seen in optical light curve at $\sim$ 0.02 day could be explained as being due to wind to constant density medium transition of circum-burst medium, in which case, to our knowledge, this could be the first ever detection of such a transition at any given frequency band. Detection of such a transition could also serve as a confirmation of massive star collapse scenario for GRB progenitors, independent of supernova signatures.Comment: 11 pages, 3 tables, 1 figure

Strain-Rate Frequency Superposition in Large-Amplitude Oscillatory Shear

In a recent work, Wyss, {\it et.al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett., {\bf 98}, 238303 (2007)] have noted a property of `soft solids' under oscillatory shear, the so-called strain-rate frequency superposition (SRFS). We extend this study to the case of soft solids under large-amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS). We show results from LAOS studies in a monodisperse hydrogel suspension, an aqueous gel, and a biopolymer suspension, and show that constant strain-rate frequency sweep measurements with soft solids can be superimposed onto master curves for higher harmonic moduli, with the {\it same} shift factors as for the linear viscoelastic moduli. We show that the behavior of higher harmonic moduli at low frequencies in constant strain-rate frequency sweep measurements is similar to that at large strain amplitudes in strain-amplitude sweep tests. We show surface plots of the harmonic moduli and the energy dissipation rate per unit volume in LAOS for soft solids, and show experimentally that the energy dissipated per unit volume depends on the first harmonic loss modulus alone, in both the linear and the nonlinear viscoelastic regime.Comment: 10 pages, 25 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review E. Incorporates referee comment

Effect of organic manures on growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L)

The use of organic manures in the agricultural plays a vital role in improving the quality of turmeric as well as improving the soil health. Turmeric is having a close relation with human health; hence demand of organically grown turmeric is increasing tremendously. A field trial was conducted to study the effect of different organic manures (generally recommended fertilizer dose, farmyard manure, vermicompost, press mud compost, poultry manure, sugarcane trash, wheat straw, turmeric trash and jeevamrut ) on the yield and curcumin content of turmeric Cv. Phule Swarupa on Inceptisol at Agricultural Research Station, Dist-Sangli, Maharashtra, India. The trial was conducted on the fixed site of soil for the continuous of five years (2009-2013). The maximum dry yield (62.42 q ha-1) of the turmeric was recorded by application of the general recommended dose of fertilizer (GRDF) i. e. 25 MT FYM + 200:100:100 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 which was at par with the vermicompost (11.36 T ha-1). The highest number of leaves per tiller and number of tillers per plant, plant height and curcumin content was recorded in the GRDF, which was at par with vermicompost. The highest benefit: cost ratio (1.59) was also noticed in GRDF, which was at par with the application of vermicompost (1.54) on a nitrogen basis. The soil available nutrient status was taken into consideration during experimentation. The application of vermicompost (11.36 T ha-1) along with Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Azospirillium @ 5 kg ha-1, respectively at the time of planting was found superior for higher dry yield (55.45 q ha-1), net monetary returns (Rs. 137035) and maintenance of soil fertility for organic cultivation of turmeric

Decompression of JPEG Document Images: A Survey Paper

JPEG Decompression techniques are very useful in 3G/4G based markets, handheld devices and infrastructures. There are many challenging issues in previously proposed decompression methods, like very high computational cost, and heavy distortion in ringing and blocking artifacts which makes the image invisible. To improve the visual quality of the JPEG document images at low bit rate and at low computational cost, we are going to implement the decompression technique for JPEG document images. We first divide the JPEG document image into smooth and non-smooth blocks with the help of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Then the smooth blocks (background , uniform region) are decoded in the transform domain by minimizing the Total Block Boundary Variation(TBBV). In this we propose to compute the block variation directly in the DCT domain at the super pixel level. The super pixel have size n*n, each super pixel is assigned with an average intensity value. The smooth blocks are then reconstructed by using the Newton’s method. The implementation of the smooth block decompression will be done here. The non-smooth blocks of the document image contains the text and graphics/line drawing objects. The post processing algorithm will be introduced which takes into consideration the specificities of document content. The inverse DCT is applied to represent the image in spatial domain. So the implementation of the non-smooth block decompression will be done here. Finally, we design different experimental results and analyze that our system is better than the existing. And it will show the quality improvement of decompressed JPEG document image

Review Paper on Answers Selection and Recommendation in Community Question Answers System

Nowadays, question answering system is more convenient for the users, users ask question online and then they will get the answer of that question, but as browsing is primary need for each an individual, the number of users ask question and system will provide answer but the computation time increased as well as waiting time increased and same type of questions are asked by different users, system need to give same answers repeatedly to different users. To avoid this we propose PLANE technique which may quantitatively rank answer candidates from the relevant question pool. If users ask any question, then system provide answers in ranking form, then system recommend highest rank answer to the user. We proposing expert recommendation system, an expert will provide answer of the question which is asked by the user and we also implement sentence level clustering technique in which a single question have multiple answers, system provide most suitable answer to the question which is asked by the user

Spin-charge and spin-orbital coupling effects on spin dynamics in ferromagnetic manganites

Correlation-induced spin-charge and spin-orbital coupling effects on spin dynamics in ferromagnetic manganites are calculated with realistic parameters in order to provide a quantitative comparison with experimental results for spin stiffness, magnon dispersion, magnon damping, anomalous zone-boundary magnon softening, and Curie temperature. The role of orbital degeneracy, orbital ordering, and orbital correlations on spin dynamics in different doping regimes is highlighted.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figure

Navigating the Evolution: A Comprehensive Analysis of Awareness in Contemporary TV Display Technologies

A display serves as a projecting mechanism that presents video content to the user through technologies such as cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), light-emitting diode (LED), Organic light-emitting diode (OLED), or other projection methods. The global demand for intelligent displays has witnessed a substantial rise, primarily fueled by the increasing popularity of OLED-based devices and technology. Concurrently, the worldwide digital TV subscriptions surpassed one billion in 2017. In our investigation, we aimed to assess the awareness levels among individuals in both rural and urban areas regarding TV display technology. The findings reveal that approximately 79% of urban residents and 44% of rural inhabitants utilize a TV display compatible with their TV subscription. &nbsp

Preparation Of Mixed Ligand Complexes Of Cerium (III) Metal Using Multidentate Ligands And Investigation Of Their Physicochemical, Spectral, Thermal, And Antibacterial Properties.

This study involves the synthesis and characterization of Cerium (III) Mixed-ligand complexes employing 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde oxime (BO) as the primary ligand and organic compounds 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid (L1) , 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid  (L2) , 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid  (L3) ,  2-Amino-3-sulfhydrylpropanoic acid  (L4) as secondary ligands. The resulting complexes exhibit a brown color and display stability, as evidenced by conductometric measurements indicating non-electrolyte behavior. FTIR analysis reveals coordination through O and N donor atoms, while thermogravimetric studies highlight stability with coordinated water molecules, supported by high decomposition temperatures. UV studies demonstrate intra-ligand and ligand-to-metal charge transfer transitions. Elemental analysis confirms a 1:2:1 ratio for the complexes. Antibacterial assays using agar cup and tube dilution methods affirm the complexes' antibacterial activity against specific bacterial strains

Dust in the wind: the role of recent mass loss in long gamma-ray bursts

We study the late-time (t>0.5 days) X-ray afterglows of nearby (z<0.5) long Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB) with Swift and identify a population of explosions with slowly decaying, super-soft (photon index Gamma_x>3) X-ray emission that is inconsistent with forward shock synchrotron radiation associated with the afterglow. These explosions also show larger-than-average intrinsic absorption (NH_x,i >6d21 cm-2) and prompt gamma-ray emission with extremely long duration (T_90>1000 s). Chance association of these three rare properties (i.e. large NH_x,i, super-soft Gamma_x and extreme duration) in the same class of explosions is statistically unlikely. We associate these properties with the turbulent mass-loss history of the progenitor star that enriched and shaped the circum-burst medium. We identify a natural connection between NH_x,i Gamma_x and T_90 in these sources by suggesting that the late-time super-soft X-rays originate from radiation reprocessed by material lost to the environment by the stellar progenitor before exploding, (either in the form of a dust echo or as reprocessed radiation from a long-lived GRB remnant), and that the interaction of the explosion's shock/jet with the complex medium is the source of the extremely long prompt emission. However, current observations do not allow us to exclude the possibility that super-soft X-ray emitters originate from peculiar stellar progenitors with large radii that only form in very dusty environments.Comment: 6 pages, Submitted to Ap