A comparative analysis of nurse and physician characters in the entertainment media

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75600/1/j.1365-2648.1986.tb01236.x.pd

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum)

Milk thistle herbal products are made from seeds of Silybum marianum. Milk thistle has a long history of medicinal use. It is widely used to treat digestive and liver disorders. Claims in relation to cancer are that milk thistle prevents cancer initiation, reduces cancer development, reduces adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and supports the action of some anticancer drugs. While numerous animal and in vitro models support these claims, they are not supported by data from clinical studies. Only one randomised pilot study is available which is merely showing a trend towards a reduction of hepatic toxicity. Milk thistle is generally well tolerated and appears safe. In summary, currently there is insufficient clinical evidence to support or refute the claims for milk thistle in relation to cancer management

Graphical Representations of the Regions of Rank-One-Convexity of some Strain Energies

Isotropic elastic energies which are quadratic in the strain measures of the Seth family are known not to be rankone-convex in the entire domain of invertible deformation gradients with positive determinant. Therefore, they are in principle capable of displaying a laminated microstructure. Nevertheless, they are commonly used for standard elastic solids. In general one does not observe a microstructure evolution due to the fact that the solution is not sought outside of the region of rank-one-convexity. Consequently, the question for the boundaries of the region of rank-one-convexity arises. We address this question by applying a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for rank-one-convexity to the mentioned elastic energies, and give graphical representations for the regions of rank-one-convexit

Fast Alternatives to Taylor and Sachs Models for Rigid Perfectly Viscoplastic Polycrystals

We consider polycrystals consisting of rigid perfectly viscoplastic single crystals. Instead of tracking the evolution of (a) many individual crystallite orientations we determine the evolution of (b) the Fourier coefficients of the orientation distribution. Apart from the truncation order, the transition from single to polycrystal constitutive equations is unique, it does not involve additional parameters. While the reference model (a) requires the solution of numerous small systems of non-linear ODEs, our model (b) provides a system of linear ODEs the size of which depends on the truncation order. Upon establishing a data base for the matrix of system (b), the computing time is decreased significantly as compared to (a). This paper is meant to introduce the fundamentals of our model in terms of the underlying physical concepts and a compact and convenient notation. In addition, we introduce a class of alternative approaches that allow for a non-negative approximation of the orientation distribution and generalise the equations for the texture evolution to arbitrary sets of base functions

Radiative budget and cloud radiative effect over the Atlantic from ship-based observations

The aim of this study is to determine cloud-type resolved cloud radiative budgets and cloud radiative effects from surface measurements of broadband radiative fluxes over the Atlantic Ocean. Furthermore, based on simultaneous observations of the state of the cloudy atmosphere, a radiative closure study has been performed by means of the ECHAM5 single column model in order to identify the model's ability to realistically reproduce the effects of clouds on the climate system. An extensive database of radiative and atmospheric measurements has been established along five meridional cruises of the German research icebreaker Polarstern. Besides pyranometer and pyrgeometer for downward broadband solar and thermal radiative fluxes, a sky imager and a microwave radiometer have been utilized to determine cloud fraction and cloud type on the one hand and temperature and humidity profiles as well as liquid water path for warm non-precipitating clouds on the other hand. Averaged over all cruise tracks, we obtain a total net (solar + thermal) radiative flux of 144 W m−2 that is dominated by the solar component. In general, the solar contribution is large for cirrus clouds and small for stratus clouds. No significant meridional dependencies were found for the surface radiation budgets and cloud effects. The strongest surface longwave cloud effects were shown in the presence of low level clouds. Clouds with a high optical density induce strong negative solar radiative effects under high solar altitudes. The mean surface net cloud radiative effect is −33 W m−2. For the purpose of quickly estimating the mean surface longwave, shortwave and net cloud effects in moderate, subtropical and tropical climate regimes, a new parameterisation was created, considering the total cloud amount and the solar zenith angle. The ECHAM5 single column model provides a surface net cloud effect that is more cooling by 17 W m−2 compared to the radiation observations. This overestimation in solar cooling is mostly caused by the shortwave impact of convective clouds. The latter show a large overestimation in solar cooling of up to 114 W m−2. Mean cloud radiative effects of cirrus and stratus clouds were simulated close to the observations

The Wilderness Solo: The Effect of Intentional Design

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the influence of intentional design by the instructor regarding the Solo\u27s (a) purpose and framing, (b) instructor visit, and (c) individual and group debriefing. This study extends the previous Solo research by hypothesizing that the purposeful planning, framing, visits, and debriefing by the instructor play a role in determining the quality of Solo experience. The study was supported by three major theoretical frames - the Hendee & Brown Model (1988), Kolb\u27s (1984) Experiential Learning Cycle, and Csikszentmihalyi\u27s (1991) Flow Theory

Sex-role stereotyping of nurses and physicians on prime-time television: A dichotomy of occupational portrayals

Utilizing the methodology of content analysis, this study investigates the sexrole variables in prime-time television portrayals of nurses and physicians from 1950 to 1980. A 20% sample of 28 relevant series yielded 320 individual episodes, 240 nurse characters, and 287 physicians characters. Results show extreme levels of both sexual and occupational stereotyping. Television nurses are 99% female, and television physicians are 95% male. The cluster of sex and occupational role characteristics, personality attributes, primary values, career orientation, professional competencies, and the tone of nurse-physician relationships converge to yield an image of the female professional nurse as totally dependent on and subservient to male physicians. The development of this dichotomous sex and occupational role imagery has resulted in male television physicians who not only have outstanding medical competencies but also embrace all the attractive competencies of professional nurses. Television nurses largely serve as window dressing on the set and have little opportunity to contribute to patient welfare. Action is needed to improve the quality of nurse portrayals by making them more congruent with the real world of work in health care.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45568/1/11199_2004_Article_BF00287262.pd

Chronicles of Oklahoma

Article recounts the numerous diseases and afflictions that befell the soldiers stationed at forts within the Indian Territory during the mid 19th century. Included within the article is a list of those affected and killed by the diseases at the forts

Nursing staff teamwork and job satisfaction

kalisch bj , lee h & rochman m. (2010) Journal of Nursing Management   18, 938–947 Nursing staff teamwork and job satisfaction The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of unit characteristics, staff characteristics and teamwork on job satisfaction with current position and occupation.Teamwork has been associated with a higher level of job satisfaction but few studies have focused on the acute care inpatient hospital nursing team.This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 3675 nursing staff from five hospitals and 80 patient care units. Participants completed the Nursing Teamwork Survey (NTS).Participants’ levels of job satisfaction with current position and satisfaction with occupation were both higher when they rated their teamwork higher ( P  < 0.001) and perceived their staffing as adequate more often ( P  < 0.001). Type of unit influenced both satisfaction variables ( P  < 0.05). Additionally, education, gender and job title influenced satisfaction with occupation ( P  < 0.05) but not with current position.Results of this present study demonstrate that within nursing teams on acute care patient units, a higher level of teamwork and perceptions of adequate staffing leads to greater job satisfaction with current position and occupation.Findings suggest that efforts to improve teamwork and ensure adequate staffing in acute care settings would have a major impact on staff satisfaction.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/79069/1/j.1365-2834.2010.01153.x.pd