16,845 research outputs found
It From Bit and The Unsmooth Reality
In this short essay it is argued that the "It from Bit" idea is plausible
when assuming "generalized bits", resulting from the Kolmogorov superposition
theorem, as universal building blocks.Comment: 4 pages, submitted to FQXi 2013 Essay Contest - "It from Bit or Bit
from It
Comment on "Dynamic Scaling of Non-Euclidean Interfaces" [arXiv:0804.1898]
This is the revised version of a Comment on a paper by C. Escudero (Phys.
Rev. Lett. 100, 116101, 2008; arXiv:0804.1898)
Worry, procrastination, and perfectionism: Differentiating amount of worry, pathological worry, anxiety, and depression
This study investigates features that differentiate worry from somatic anxiety and depression. Theoretical models of the worry process suggest that worry is closely related to procrastination. In addition, research on worry and elevated evidence requirements proposes a relationship between worry and perfectionism. Perfectionism, however, is multidimensional in nature. Moreover, previous research has linked procrastination and perfectionism mainly to anxiety and depression. Therefore, the relationship among worry, procrastination, and dimensions of perfectionism was investigated irt a sample of 180 students, controlling for anxiety and depression. Results show that worry had substantial correlations with procrastination and perfectionism, particularly with perfectionist concern over mistakes and doubts. Moreover, worry was related to parental criticism and expectations, but unrelated to excessively high personal standards. instead high-worriers reported to lower standards under stress. Partial correlations indicated that these correlations were specific for amount of worry, thus differentiating amount of worry, pathological worry, anxiety, and depression
Measuring perfectionism in sport, dance, and exercise: Review, critique, recommendations
Over the past 25 years, a number of multidimensional measures of perfectionism has been developed. Based on different models of multidimensional perfectionism, these measures contain different numbers of subscales, and most of the time the different subscales bear different names. This presents a confusing situation to researchers unfamiliar with the often complex details of the perfectionism literature who want to conduct research on perfectionism in sport, dance, and exercise and need to make a decision as to what measure to use to capture individual differences in multidimensional perfectionism. The aim of the present chapter is to give researchers some guidance in this decision. To this aim, the chapter will (a) review the available multidimensional measures that have been published in international peer-reviewed journals and (b) provide a critique of these measures. In addition, the chapter will provide (c) recommendations on which measures to use and guidance on which decisions researchers have to make when using these measures to capture perfectionism in sport, dance, and exercise
Dynamic phase transitions in electromigration-induced step bunching
Electromigration-induced step bunching in the presence of sublimation or
deposition is studied theoretically in the attachment-limited regime. We
predict a phase transition as a function of the relative strength of kinetic
asymmetry and step drift. For weak asymmetry the number of steps between
bunches grows logarithmically with bunch size, whereas for strong asymmetry at
most a single step crosses between two bunches. In the latter phase the
emission and absorption of steps is a collective process which sets in only
above a critical bunch size and/or step interaction strength.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
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DNA Rereplication Is Susceptible to Nucleotide-Level Mutagenesis.
The sources of genome instability, a hallmark of cancer, remain incompletely understood. One potential source is DNA rereplication, which arises when the mechanisms that prevent the reinitiation of replication origins within a single cell cycle are compromised. Using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we previously showed that DNA rereplication is extremely potent at inducing gross chromosomal alterations and that this arises in part because of the susceptibility of rereplication forks to break. Here, we examine the ability of DNA rereplication to induce nucleotide-level mutations. During normal replication these mutations are restricted by three overlapping error-avoidance mechanisms: the nucleotide selectivity of replicative polymerases, their proofreading activity, and mismatch repair. Using lys2InsEA14 , a frameshift reporter that is poorly proofread, we show that rereplication induces up to a 30× higher rate of frameshift mutations and that this mutagenesis is due to passage of the rereplication fork, not secondary to rereplication fork breakage. Rereplication can also induce comparable rates of frameshift and base-substitution mutations in a more general mutagenesis reporter CAN1, when the proofreading activity of DNA polymerase ε is inactivated. Finally, we show that the rereplication-induced mutagenesis of both lys2InsEA14 and CAN1 disappears in the absence of mismatch repair. These results suggest that mismatch repair is attenuated during rereplication, although at most sequences DNA polymerase proofreading provides enough error correction to mitigate the mutagenic consequences. Thus, rereplication can facilitate nucleotide-level mutagenesis in addition to inducing gross chromosomal alterations, broadening its potential role in genome instability
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