Latency Analysis of Systems with Multiple Interfaces for Ultra-Reliable M2M Communication

One of the ways to satisfy the requirements of ultra-reliable low latency communication for mission critical Machine-type Communications (MTC) applications is to integrate multiple communication interfaces. In order to estimate the performance in terms of latency and reliability of such an integrated communication system, we propose an analysis framework that combines traditional reliability models with technology-specific latency probability distributions. In our proposed model we demonstrate how failure correlation between technologies can be taken into account. We show for the considered scenario with fiber and different cellular technologies how up to 5-nines reliability can be achieved and how packet splitting can be used to reduce latency substantially while keeping 4-nines reliability. The model has been validated through simulation.Comment: Accepted for IEEE SPAWC'1

Penggunaan Minyak Nyamplung Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif Pengganti Minyak Tanah

Vegetable oil have a higher flash point compared with kerosene. Because of the higher flash point, it would require an effort to lower the flash point. This study aimed to determine the effect of the composition ratio of ethanol and ethyl lactate in lowering nyamplung oil flash point. To determine the ratio of ethanol and ethyl lactate, preliminary experiments carried out by the addition of additives in the ratio 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 2:1; 2:3 on nyamplung oil for determining the solubility of additives in the nyamplung oil. The result gives good solubility for ratio 1:1. Concentrations of ethanol additive used each are 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%. Nyamplung oil used as much as 200 grams. Additives mixing made in stirred vessel at room temperature with slow stirring for 10 minutes. It can be concluded that the addition of ethanol and ethyl lactate additive effect on the decline in oil flashpoint nyamplung, nyamplung oil with ethanol and ethyl lactate concentration of each of the 2% obtained by the flash point 550C, density 0.9358 g/cm3 and viscosity 43.71 mm2/s. Nyamplung oil with additive ethanol and ethyl lactate more appropriately applied to the press stove

Kinetika Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa Sawit

Reaction kinetics data is one of the models which can help in making transesterification process efficient. This research aims to learn the kinetics of transesterification reaction of palm oil, and to make the research data USAble as initial data for further research. To obtain the best kinetics data, we used temperature variation of 30, 45, and 60 oC, NaOH concentration of 1% of the oil weight, molar ratio of oil:methanol is 1:6. Reaction times used in this stud are2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Transesterification of palm oil takes place in the second order reaction with temperature of 600C, the best reaction rate 0.0158 mol/(L.minute, reaction rate constant k1 = 1,6846x10-4 L/(mol.minute) and k2 = 5.1872x10-5L/(mol.minute), conversion 86.61% FAME(Fatty Acid Methyl Ester)

Geomagnetic effects on cosmic ray propagation under different conditions for Buenos Aires and Marambio, Argentina

The geomagnetic field (Bgeo) sets a lower cutoff rigidity (Rc) to the entry of cosmic particles to Earth which depends on the geomagnetic activity. From numerical simulations of the trajectory of a proton using different models for Bgeo (performed with the MAGCOS code), we use backtracking to analyze particles arriving at the location of two nodes of the net LAGO (Large Aperture Gamma ray burst Observatory) that will be built in the near future: Buenos Aires and Marambio (Antarctica), Argentina. We determine the asymptotic trajectories and the values of Rc for different incidence directions, for each node. Simulations were done using several models for Bgeo that emulate different geomagnetic conditions. The presented results will help to make analysis of future observations of the flux of cosmic rays done at these two LAGO nodes.Comment: 9 page

A Thermodynamic Interpretation of Time for Superstring Rolling Tachyons

Rolling tachyon backgrounds, arising from open strings on unstable branes in bosonic string theory, can be related to a simple statistical mechanical model - Coulomb gas of point charges in two dimensions confined to a circle, the Dyson gas. In this letter we describe a statistical system that is dual to non-BPS branes in superstring theory. We argue that even though the concept of time is absent in the statistical dual sitting at equilibrium, the notion of time can emerge at the large number of particles $N \to \infty$ limit.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, v2: reference added, v3: minor clarification, version to appear in journa

Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) using Interface Diversity

An important ingredient of the future 5G systems will be Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC). A way to offer URLLC without intervention in the baseband/PHY layer design is to use interface diversity and integrate multiple communication interfaces, each interface based on a different technology. In this work, we propose to use coding to seamlessly distribute coded payload and redundancy data across multiple available communication interfaces. We formulate an optimization problem to find the payload allocation weights that maximize the reliability at specific target latency values. In order to estimate the performance in terms of latency and reliability of such an integrated communication system, we propose an analysis framework that combines traditional reliability models with technology-specific latency probability distributions. Our model is capable to account for failure correlation among interfaces/technologies. By considering different scenarios, we find that optimized strategies can in some cases significantly outperform strategies based on $k$-out-of-$n$ erasure codes, where the latter do not account for the characteristics of the different interfaces. The model has been validated through simulation and is supported by experimental results.Comment: Accepted for IEEE Transactions on Communication

Perancangan Sistem Angkat Forklift Dengan Kapasitas Angkat 7 Ton

Forklift is one of the lifting machines that use to lift and move loads which can move loads with a diffirent height without taking a long time than we lift it by people's strength. The Applications of forklift can be seen at sea port area and loading area in industrial. The design of forklift must be applied to find the hydraulic system and the strenght for the forklift so it will definitely lift the cargo which want to be lifted. Design of forklift consists of design hydraulic system and strength for the forklift.. The design of forklift with 7 tons of capacity will be disscused in this thesis