Groene petfles dichterbij

Jacco van Haveren van Wageningen UR Food and Biobased Research zoekt in zijn laboratorium samen met collega’s naar een groen alternatief voor de petfles. De eerste resultaten zijn positief, de biologische vervanger lijkt in eerste oogopslag goed op de PET uit aardolie

Groene bouwstenen voor verf

Programmamanager Jacco van Haveren van Food & Biobased Research hoopt de chemische industrie op korte termijn te gaan voorzien van bulk- en fijnchemicaliën op basis van biomassa. Grote concerns als BASF of DSM zouden ze zonder grote aanpassingen of risico’s kunnen gebruiken bij de productie van materialen als plastic, verven of medicijnen

Конституційно-правова природа Ради Міністрів Автономної Республіки Крим: дискусійні питання теорії та практики

У статті розкриваються особливості конституційно-правової природи Ради міністрів Автономної Республіки Крим. Показане місце Ради міністрів Автономної Республіки Крим серед інших органів публічної влади. Ключові слова: Рада міністрів Автономної Республіки Крим, Автономна Республіка Крим, уряд, автономія.В статье раскрываются особенности конституционно-правовой природы Совета министров Автономной Республики Крым. Показано место Совета министров Автономной Республики Крым среди других органов публичной власти. Ключевые слова: Совет министров Автономной Республики Крым, Автономная Республика Крым, правительство, автономия.In the article the features of constitutional and legal status of the Rada of Ministry of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea are analyzed. The place of the Rada of Ministry of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea between others organs of public power is defined. Key words: the Rada of Ministry of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, government, autonomy

Половці: етнічна культура

У статті розглядаються структурні складові етнічної культури, формування якої відбувалося у процесі синтезу первинних і вторинних генеруючих чинників ретроспекції життєдіяльності номадів.В статье рассматриваются структурные составные этнической культуры, формирование которой осуществлялось в процессе синтеза первичных и вторичных генерирующих факторов ретроспекции жизнедеятельности номадов.Structural components of ethnic culture, formation of which was realized in the process of synthesis of primary and secondary generating factors of retrospection of nomads’ life activities are considered in the article

Поліфонічні прийоми в духовних творах Ігоря Мацієвського

У пропонованій статті розглядаються поліфонічні прийоми в деяких зразках духовної вокально-хорової та інструментальної музики сучасного представника української діаспори в Петербурзі, провідного вченого-етноінструментознавця й композитора Ігоря Мацієвського. Знання глибинних законів етномузики слов’янських народів дозволило йому стати не лише фундатором української й російської етноорганології, але й автором оригінальних композицій, у мові яких органічно поєднуються академічність, авангардизм, елементи гуцульської, лемківської, підляської, білоруської, польської та російської народної музики.В статье рассматриваются полифонические приёмы в некоторых образцах духовной вокально-хоровой и инструментальной музыки современного представителя украинськой диаспоры в Санкт-Петербурге, выдающегося учёного и композитора Игоря Мациевского.The polyphonic methods in some examples of the spiritual vocal-choral and instrumental music of Igor Matsiyevsky, a modern representative of the Ukrainian Diaspora in St. Petersburg, are studied in the article. The profound knowledge of the very nature of Slavonic ethnical music helped him to become not only a founder of the Ukrainian and Russian ethnoorganology, but also an author of the genuine compositions, in language of which academicism, avant-gardism and the elements of Guzulska, Lemkivska, Pidlyaska, Belorussian, Polish and Russian folk music are organically combined

From batch to continuous : Au-catalysed oxidation of d-galacturonic acid in a packed bed plug flow reactor under alkaline conditions

Currently biomass based conversions are often performed in batch reactors. From an operational and economic point of view the use of a continuous plug flow reactor is preferred. Here we make a back to back comparison of the use of a batch and plug flow reactor for the oxidation of (sodium)-galacturonate to (disodium)-galactarate using a heterogeneous Au-catalyst. We will show that the use of a three phase plug flow reactor results in enhanced O2 mass transfer which resulted in a 10-40 fold increase in productivity (up to 2.2 ton m-3 h-1). However, the product selectivity slightly dropped from >99 mol% in batch (controlled pH) to 94 mol% in packed bed (uncontrolled pH). Both reactors suffer from the low solubility of the reaction product. We will show that this solubility is the most significant challenge for performing this oxidation on industrial scale.</p

Biobased furandicarboxylic acids (FDCAs): effects of isomeric substitution on polyester synthesis and properties

In this study we present the application of different isomers of furandicarboxylic acid, or FDCA, obtained from agro-residues, in polyester synthesis. New polyesters based on 2,4-FDCA and 3,4-FDCA isomers with (linear) diols were thoroughly characterised and compared with their as-synthesised 2,5-FDCA analogues. All polymers were obtained by melt polycondensation of linear diols with FDCA dimethyl esters and exhibit molecular weights in the range Mw = 34000–65000 and polydispersities close to 2.0. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the new polyesters shows that they have comparable or even higher thermal stability compared to the 2,5-FDCA polyesters. Interestingly, the glass-transition temperatures (Tg) of 2,4-FDCA derived polyesters are similar to those of the 2,5-FDCA isomers. Both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analyses showed that 2,4-PEF is amorphous, while 2,5-PEF and 3,4-PEF are semi-crystalline materials

Comparison of advanced echocardiographic right ventricular functional parameters with cardiovascular magnetic resonance in adult congenital heart disease

AimsAdvanced transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) using volumetric and deformational indices provides detailed quantification of right ventricular (RV) function in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). Two-dimensional multi-plane echocardiography (2D-MPE) has demonstrated regional wall differences in RV longitudinal strain (LS). This study aims to evaluate the association of these parameters with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).Methods and resultsOne hundred stable ACHD patients with primarily affected RVs were included (age 50±5 years; 53% male). Conventional and advanced echocardiographic RV functional parameters were compared to CMR-derived RV function.Advanced echocardiographic RV functional parameters were measurable in approximately one-half of the study co-hort, whilst multi-wall LS assessment feasibility was lower. CMR RV ejection fraction (CMR-RVEF) was moderately correlated with deformational, area and volumetric parameters (RV global LS [lateral wall and septum], n=55: r=-0.62, p&lt;0.001; RV wall average LS, n=34: r=-0.49, p=0.002; RV lateral wall LS, n=56: r=-0.45, p&lt;0.001; fractional area change [FAC], n=67: r=0.48, p&lt;0.001; 3D-RVEF, n=48: r=0.40, p=0.005). Conventional measurements such as TAPSE and RV S’ correlated poorly. RV global LS best identified CMR-RVEF &lt;45% (AUC: 0.84, p&lt;0.001: cut-off value -19%: sensitivity 100%, specificity 57%). RVEF and LS values were significantly higher when measured by CMR compared to TTE (mean difference RVEF: 5[-9 to 18]%; lateral (free) wall LS: -7[7 to -21]%; RV global LS: -6 [5 to -16]%) whilst there was no association between respective LS values.ConclusionIn ACHD patients, advanced echocardiographic RV functional parameters are moderately correlated with CMR-RVEF, although significant differences exist between indices measurable by both modalities

Identification and thermochemical analysis of high-lignin feedstocks for biofuel and biochemical production

Background - Lignin is a highly abundant biopolymer synthesized by plants as a complex component of plant secondary cell walls. Efforts to utilize lignin-based bioproducts are needed. Results - Herein we identify and characterize the composition and pyrolytic deconstruction characteristics of high-lignin feedstocks. Feedstocks displaying the highest levels of lignin were identified as drupe endocarp biomass arising as agricultural waste from horticultural crops. By performing pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we characterized lignin-derived deconstruction products from endocarp biomass and compared these with switchgrass. By comparing individual pyrolytic products, we document higher amounts of acetic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, acetone and furfural in switchgrass compared to endocarp tissue, which is consistent with high holocellulose relative to lignin. By contrast, greater yields of lignin-based pyrolytic products such as phenol, 2-methoxyphenol, 2-methylphenol, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol arising from drupe endocarp tissue are documented. Conclusions - Differences in product yield, thermal decomposition rates and molecular species distribution among the feedstocks illustrate the potential of high-lignin endocarp feedstocks to generate valuable chemicals by thermochemical deconstruction