Microwave-assisted synthesis of water-dispersed CdTe/CdSe core/shell type II quantum dots

A facile synthesis of mercaptanacid-capped CdTe/CdSe (core/shell) type II quantum dots in aqueous solution by means of a microwave-assisted approach is reported. The results of X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the as-prepared CdTe/CdSe quantum dots had a core/shell structure with high crystallinity. The core/shell quantum dots exhibit tunable fluorescence emissions by controlling the thickness of the CdSe shell. The photoluminescent properties were dramatically improved through UV-illuminated treatment, and the time-resolved fluorescence spectra showed that there is a gradual increase of decay lifetime with the thickness of CdSe shell

Bimodal mesoporous titanium nitride/carbon microfibers as efficient and stable electrocatalysts for Li-O2 batteries

Nonprecious transition metal nitrides have attracted considerable attention as an alternative catalyst to noble metals for electrochemical reactions. Titanium nitride (TiN), in particular, is an interesting material that exhibits excellent thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability, electrical conductivity, and in particular electrocatalytic activity. TiN is often prepared by the nitridation of titanium oxide using gaseous ammonia or hydrazine as a nitrogen source. This high temperature synthesis, however, gives a material with low surface area, which is unfavorable for its application in heterogeneous electrocatalysis. The shape and size of the assembly, and thus the resulting g-CN materials, can be tailored simply by using different precipitation temperatures, solvents, and comonomers. Furthermore, the assembly develops unique nanostructures during the polycondensation without losing the pristine macrostructures

Evaluación ambiental y planificación de la expansión agropecuaria y forestal en la cuenca del río Miriñay

La cuenca del río Miriñay en la provincia de Corrientes constituye un área de creciente actividad económica en relación con el cultivo de arroz. Con el objetivo de evaluar ambientalmente la realización y acumulación de proyectos agropecuarios y forestales en la cuenca, se consideró el consumo de agua y la pérdida de ambientes naturales tanto de los proyectos ya realizados como de las posibilidades de expansión a futuro. Se elaboraron mapas de cobertura del suelo para los años 2000 y 2014 a partir de imágenes satelitales. Se desarrolló un modelo hidrológico con el cual se simuló un escenario natural, representativo de las condiciones anteriores al cambio del uso del suelo. Se generaron tres escenarios de expansión considerando la construcción de nuevas represas para riego de arroz y el desarrollo de otras actividades productivas. Al año 2014 las áreas transformadas representaban 12,9% de la cuenca, con 114.260 ha de arroz/pasturas, 15.058 ha de embalses y 26.745 ha de forestaciones. Comparando los indicadores de balance hídrico entre el escenario natural y el actual se observaron variaciones de distinto signo y magnitud en las diferentes subcuencas, con disminuciones que no superan el 8% y aumentos que no llegan al 2%. Del análisis de la pérdida de ambientes naturales en los escenarios futuros se observó que, si bien a nivel de toda la cuenca no pareciera superarse un límite crítico, tres subcuencas llegan a muy altos niveles de transformación en el escenario a largo plazo. Para esos escenarios los cambios en el balance hídrico anual serán relativamente menores. Con el propósito de mitigar el impacto de la pérdida de ambientes naturales, se propone la planificación integrada y el ordenamiento territorial de la cuenca a través de la regulación del porcentaje máximo de cambio de uso del suelo, permitiendo así desarrollar el potencial productivo sin poner en riesgo la conservación de los ambientes naturales

IQ Domain-Containing GTPase-Activating Protein 1 Regulates Cytoskeletal Reorganization and Facilitates NKG2D-Mediated Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Activation and Cytokine Gene Translation in Natural Killer Cells

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play essential roles in mediating antitumor immunity. NK cells respond to various inflammatory stimuli including cytokines and stress-induced cellular ligands which activate germline-encoded activation receptors (NKRs), such as NKG2D. The signaling molecules activated downstream of NKRs are well defined; however, the mechanisms that regulate these pathways are not fully understood. IQ domain-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) is a ubiquitously expressed scaffold protein. It regulates diverse cellular signaling programs in various physiological contexts, including immune cell activation and function. Therefore, we sought to investigate the role of IQGAP1 in NK cells. Development and maturation of NK cells from mice lacking IQGAP1 (Iqgap1−/−) were mostly intact; however, the absolute number of splenic NK cells was significantly reduced. Phenotypic and functional characterization revealed a significant reduction in the egression of NK cells from the bone marrow of Iqagp1−/− mice altering their peripheral homeostasis. Lack of IQGAP1 resulted in reduced NK cell motility and their ability to mediate antitumor immunity in vivo. Activation of Iqgap1−/− NK cells via NKRs, including NKG2D, resulted in significantly reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines compared with wild-type (WT). This reduction in Iqgap1−/− NK cells is neither due to an impaired membrane proximal signaling nor a defect in gene transcription. The levels of Ifng transcripts were comparable between WT and Iqgap1−/−, suggesting that IQGAP1-dependent regulation of cytokine production is regulated by a post-transcriptional mechanism. To this end, Iqgap1−/− NK cells failed to fully induce S6 phosphorylation and showed significantly reduced protein translation following NKG2D-mediated activation, revealing a previously undefined regulatory function of IQGAP1 via the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1. Together, these results implicate IQGAP1 as an essential scaffold for NK cell homeostasis and function and provide novel mechanistic insights to the post-transcriptional regulation of inflammatory cytokine production