Study of photon emission by electron capture during solar nuclei acceleration. 2: Delimitation of conditions for charge transfert establishment

The conditions for establishment of charge transfer during acceleration of nuclei up to Fe, for typical conditions of solar flare regions T = 5 x 10 to the 3rd power to 2.5 x 10 to the 8th power degrees K were explored. Results show that such conditions are widely assorted, depending on the acceleration mechanism, the kind of projections and their velocity, the target elements, the source temperature and consequently on the degree of ionization of matter and the local charge state of the accelerated ions. Nevertheless, in spite of that assorted behavior, there are some general tendencies that can be summarized as follows. In atomic H electron capture is systematically established from thermal energies up to high energies, whatever the element and for both acceleration process. For a given element and fixed temperature (T), the probability and energy domain of electron capture and loss with Fermi are higher than with Betatron acceleration. For a given acceleration process the heavier the ion the higher the probability and the wider the energy range for electron capture and loss. For given acceleration mechanism and fixed element the importance and energy domain of capture and loss increase with T: for those reasons, the energy range of charge equilibrium (illustrated with solid lines on the next figs.) is wider with Fermi and increases with temperature and atomic number of projectiles. For the same reasons, electron loss is smaller while the lighter the element, the lower the temperature and the Betatron process, such that there are conditions for which electron loss is not allowed at low energies, but only electron capture is established

Study of photon emission by electron capture during solar nuclei acceleration. 3: Photon production evaluations

Lower limits of photon fluxes were evaluated from electron capture during acceleration in solar flares, because the arbitrary q sub c asterisk assumed in this work evolves very slow with velocity, probably much more slowly than the physical actual situation: in fact, more emission is expected toward the IR region. Nevertheless the authors claim to show that the factibility of sounding acceleration processes, charge evolution processes and physical parameters of the source itself, by the observational analysis of this kind of emissions. For instance, it would be interesting to search observationally, for the predicted flux and energy drift of F sub e ions interacting with the atomic 0 and F sub e of the source matter, or, even more feasible for the X-ray lines at 4.2 keV and 2.624 + 0.003 KeV from Fe and S ions in ionized Fe at T = 10 to the 7th power K respectively, the 418 + or - 2 eV and 20 + or - 4 eV lines of Fe and S in ionized Fe at 5 x 10 to the 6th power K, which are predicted from Fermi acceleration

Study of non-thermal photon production under different scenarios in solar flares. 1: Scenarios and formulations

In order to study the overall phenomenology involved in solar flares, it is necessary to understand their individual manifestation before building a corresponding description of the global phenomenon. Here the concern is with the production of X and gamma rays in solar flares. Flares are initiated very often within the closed magnetic field configurations of active centers. According (2) when beta = kinetic energy density/magnetic energy density approximately 0.2, the magnetic trap configuration is destructed within the time scale of the impulsive phase of flares ( 100 s). A first particle acceleration stage occurs during this phase as indicated by impulsive microwave and hard X-rays bursts. In some flare events, when the field strength beta is very high, the broken field lines may close again, such that later, in the course of the flash and main phases more hot plasma of very high conductivity is created, and so, the field and frozen plasma expand outward, as the kinetic pressure inside the closed loops increases. The magnetically trapped particles excite strong Alfven wave turbulence of small transverse scale

A Physician\u27s Guide to Motivational Interviewing

Recommending lifestyle changes to patients is a crucial part of a primary care physician\u27s role. Guiding patients to make behavioral change is a challenge physicians must face on a daily basis, and based on current literature, it can be delivered more effectively in the form of motivational interviewing as opposed to traditional advice-giving. This project aims to provide physician\u27s with a quick reference guide to Motivational Interviewing to display at their desk, as well as a template to be filled out with the patient detailing their plans for change. Together, these tools can improve the delivery of advice, and strengthen physician-patient relationships to more effectively achieve long-term health goals that require a behavioral change from the patient.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/fmclerk/1474/thumbnail.jp

Interaction with Deaf or Hard of Hearing Individuals and Decisions Made by IEP Team Members

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between the characteristics of IEP (Individual Education Program) team members and the decisions they make for deaf and hard of hearing students under the constraints of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). I used a sociocultural framework and Intergroup Contact Theory (ICG) (Rodenborg & Boisen, 2013) to posit the importance of the amount and type of interactions between deaf and hearing individuals in reducing prejudice by the majority group (not deaf or hard of hearing) and developing the empathy needed by decision makers who are often hearing in promoting equitable learning environments for deaf and hard of hearing students. I developed and piloted a questionnaire titled Education for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students\u27 (EDHH). The EDHH was self-administered and asked IEP team members about the kind of specialized or informal training they have received, the frequency, type, and quality of interaction they have had with individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing, their attitude about deafness, their beliefs about communication and language accessibility issues, and their beliefs about educational placements for students. I sampled 269 IEP team members in residential special schools for the deaf and in regular schools or regional programs from the following states, New Mexico, California, Texas, Washington, and Florida. I tested bivariate relationships and based on this study, I found an association exists between the characteristics of IEP team members in terms of their knowledge of deaf education, their interaction with deaf and hard of hearing individuals, their beliefs about placement, and their beliefs about access. Additionally, descriptive analyses of the responses from and across each state suggest trends for further exploration and policy discussions. Given the results of this study, policy action plans at the local, state, and federal level should require implementers of IDEA such as principals and teachers to have specialized training in the education of deaf and hard of hearing students and greater contact with deaf and hard of hearing individuals.\u2

Photosystem and Philosophy

This thesis focuses on the limitation of scientific knowledge due to human perception. The author explores this question by conducting three separate experimental studies which focus on inhibition, purification and immobilization of the enzyme photosystem II, the biological enzyme responsible for producing molecular oxygen. Then, the author examines the limitations of scientific knowledge in the context of method and how this shapes his own understanding of the society of science

Study of photon emission by electron capture during solar nuclei acceleration, 1: Temperature-dependent cross section for charge changing processes

The study of charge changing cross sections of fast ions colliding with matter provides the fundamental basis for the analysis of the charge states produced in such interactions. Given the high degree of complexity of the phenomena, there is no theoretical treatment able to give a comprehensive description. In fact, the involved processes are very dependent on the basic parameters of the projectile, such as velocity charge state, and atomic number, and on the target parameters, the physical state (molecular, atomic or ionized matter) and density. The target velocity, may have also incidence on the process, through the temperature of the traversed medium. In addition, multiple electron transfer in single collisions intrincates more the phenomena. Though, in simplified cases, such as protons moving through atomic hydrogen, considerable agreement has been obtained between theory and experiments However, in general the available theoretical approaches have only limited validity in restricted regions of the basic parameters. Since most measurements of charge changing cross sections are performed in atomic matter at ambient temperature, models are commonly based on the assumption of targets at rest, however at Astrophysical scales, temperature displays a wide range in atomic and ionized matter. Therefore, due to the lack of experimental data , an attempt is made here to quantify temperature dependent cross sections on basis to somewhat arbitrary, but physically reasonable assumptions

Study of non-thermal photon production under different scenarios in solar flares. 2: The Compton inverse and Bremsstrahlung models and fittings

Energy spectra of photons emitted from Bremsstrahlung (BR) of energetic electrons with matter, is obtained from the deconvolution of the electron energy spectra. It can be inferred that the scenario for the production of X-rays and gamma rays in solar flares may vary from event to event. However, it is possible in many cases to associated low energy events to impulsive acceleration, and the high energy phase of some events to stochastic acceleration. In both cases, flare particles seem to be strongly modulated by local energy losses. Electric field acceleration, associated to neutral current sheets is a suitable candidate for impulsive acceleration. Finally, that the predominant radiation process of this radiation is the inverse Compton effect due to the local flare photon field

Efecto del origen de plantas y silvicultura de establecimiento en la inclinación de plantaciones jóvenes de Pinus radiata D. Don por efecto del viento

Gallegos, J. Forestal Mininco S.A., Los Ángeles, Chile. Muñoz, F.;Cancino, J. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción. Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.El fenómeno de pérdida de estabilidad por viento en árboles jóvenes de Pinus radiata D. Don, es una perturbación abiótica que se manifiesta en forma de inclinaciones anormales, derribamiento, formación de cuencas en la base del árbol y descalces. La investigación tiene como objetivo identificar el efecto del origen de la planta, control de malezas y fertilización en el daño por viento en plantaciones jóvenes de pino radiata. El ensayo fue establecido en el año 2003 en predios ubicados en la Comuna de Cunco, IX Región. Se establecieron cuatro orígenes de plantas (estacas de huerto, estacas de setos juveniles, estacas de setos envejecidos y plantas provenientes de semilla), combinados con tres esquemas de control de malezas y dos de fertilización (total 24 tratamientos). La variable respuesta fue la inclinación expresada en porcentaje, previamente normalizada, la cual fue medida luego de los temporales de viento durante el invierno del año 2005. Como resultado se determinó que el origen de planta desde estacas de huerto en combinación con control de malezas en tazas en el primer año de establecido y sin fertilización, presenta la mejor resistencia al daño por viento. El tratamiento con peor resistencia al daño de viento, esta formado por estacas de setos juveniles, control de malezas en banda durante los 2 primeros años y sin fertilización. Se determinó que la edad del material fisiológico es determinante en el daño por efecto del viento en plantaciones jóvenes de Pinus radiata D. Don