470 research outputs found
The Butcher--Oemler effect at z~0.35: a change in perspective
The present paper focuses on the much debated Butcher-Oemler effect: the
increase with redshift of the fraction of blue galaxies in clusters.
Considering a representative cluster sample made of seven group/clusters at
z~0.35, we have measured the blue fraction from the cluster core to the cluster
outskirts and the field mainly using wide field CTIO images. This sample
represents a random selection of a volume complete x-ray selected cluster
sample, selected so that there is no physical connection with the studied
quantity (blue fraction), to minimize observational biases. In order to
statistically assess the significance of the Butcher-Oemler effect, we
introduce the tools of Bayesian inference. Furthermore, we modified the blue
fraction definition in order to take into account the reduced age of the
universe at higher redshifts, because we should no longer attempt to reject an
unphysical universe in which the age of the Universe does depend on redshift,
whereas the age of its content does not. We measured the blue fraction from the
cluster center to the field and we find that the cluster affects the properties
of the galaxies up to two virial radii at z~0.35. Data suggest that during the
last 3 Gyrs no evolution of the blue fraction, from the cluster core to the
field value, is seen beyond the one needed to account for the varying age with
redshift of the Universe and of its content. The agreement of the radial
profiles of the blue fraction at z=0 and z~0.35 implies that the pattern infall
did not change over the last 3 Gyr, or, at least, its variation has no
observational effect on the studied quantity.Comment: MNRAS, in pres
Multi-level policies and adaptive social networks. A conceptual modeling study for maintaining a polycentric governance system
International audienceInformation and collaboration patterns embedded in social networks play key roles in multilevel and polycentric modes of governance. However, modeling the dynamics of such social networks in multilevel settings has been seldom addressed in the literature. Here we use an adaptive social network model to elaborate the interplay between a central and a local government in order to maintain a polycentric governance. More specifically, our analysis explores in what ways specific policy choices made by a central agent affect the features of an emerging social network composed of local organizations and local users. Using two types of stylized policies, adaptive co-management and adaptive one-level management, we focus on the benefits of multi-level adaptive cooperation for network management. Our analysis uses viability theory to explore and to quantify the ability of these policies to achieve specific network properties. Viability theory gives the family of policies that enables maintaining the polycentric governance unlike optimal control that gives a unique blueprint. We found that the viability of the policies can change dramatically depending on the goals and features of the social network. For some social networks, we also found a very large difference between the viability of the adaptive one-level management and adaptive co-management policies. However, results also show that adaptive co-management doesn't always provide benefits. Hence, we argue that applying viability theory to governance networks can help policy design by analyzing the trade-off between the costs of adaptive co-management and the benefits associated with its ability to maintain desirable social network properties in a polycentric governance framework
A Robust Classification of Galaxy Spectra: Dealing with Noisy and Incomplete Data
Over the next few years new spectroscopic surveys (from the optical surveys
of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the 2 degree Field survey through to
space-based ultraviolet satellites such as GALEX) will provide the opportunity
and challenge of understanding how galaxies of different spectral type evolve
with redshift. Techniques have been developed to classify galaxies based on
their continuum and line spectra. Some of the most promising of these have used
the Karhunen and Loeve transform (or Principal Component Analysis) to separate
galaxies into distinct classes. Their limitation has been that they assume that
the spectral coverage and quality of the spectra are constant for all galaxies
within a given sample. In this paper we develop a general formalism that
accounts for the missing data within the observed spectra (such as the removal
of sky lines or the effect of sampling different intrinsic rest wavelength
ranges due to the redshift of a galaxy). We demonstrate that by correcting for
these gaps we can recover an almost redshift independent classification scheme.
From this classification we can derive an optimal interpolation that
reconstructs the underlying galaxy spectral energy distributions in the regions
of missing data. This provides a simple and effective mechanism for building
galaxy spectral energy distributions directly from data that may be noisy,
incomplete or drawn from a number of different sources.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A
CG J1720-67.8: A Detailed Analysis of Optical and Infrared Properties of a New Ultracompact Group of Galaxies
We present here optical spectroscopy and BVRJHK(s) photometry of the recently
discovered ultra-compact group of galaxies CG J1720-67.8. This work represents
a considerable extension of the preliminary results we presented in a previous
paper. Despite the complicated morphology of the group, a quantitative
morphological classification of the three brightest members of the group is
attempted based on photometric analysis. We find that one galaxy is consistent
with a morphological type S0, while the other two are most probably late-type
spirals that are already losing their identity due tothe interaction process.
Information on the star formation activity and dust content derived from both
spectroscopic data and optical and near-infrared colors are complemented with a
reconstruction of far-infrared (FIR) maps from IRAS raw data. Enhanced star
formation activity is revealed in all the group's members, including the
early-type galaxy and the extended tidal tail, along which several tidal dwarf
galaxy candidates are identified. The metallicity of the gaseous component is
investigated and photoionization models are applied to the three main galaxies
of the group, while a detailed study of the tidal dwarf candidates will appear
in a companion paper. Subsolar metal abundances are found for all the three
galaxies, the highest values being shown by the early-type galaxy (Z ~ 0.5
Zsolar).Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa
Candidate Tidal Dwarf Galaxies in the Compact Group CG J1720-67.8
This is the second part of a detailed study of the ultracompact group CG
J1720-67.8: in the first part we have focused the attention on the three main
galaxies of the group and we have identified a number of candidate tidal dwarf
galaxies (TDGs). Here we concentrate on these candidate TDGs. Absolute
photometry of these objects in BVRJHKs bands confirms their relatively blue
colors, as we already expected from the inspection of optical and near-infrared
color maps and from the presence of emission-lines in the optical spectra. The
physical conditions in such candidate TDGs are investigated through the
application of photoionization models, while the optical colors are compared
with grids of spectrophotometric evolutionary synthesis models from the
literature. Although from our data self-gravitation cannot be proved for these
objects, their general properties are consistent with those of other TDG
candidates. Additionally we present the photometry of a few ``knots'' detected
in the immediate surroundings of CG J1720-67.8 and consider the possibility
that these objects might belong to a dwarf population associated with the
compact group.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa
Maximal Factorization of Operators Acting in Kothe-Bochner Spaces
[EN] Using some representation results for Kothe-Bochner spaces of vector valued functions by means of vector measures, we analyze the maximal extension for some classes of linear operators acting in these spaces. A factorization result is provided, and a specific representation of the biggest vector valued function space to which the operator can be extended is given. Thus, we present a generalization of the optimal domain theorem for some types of operators on Banach function spaces involving domination inequalities and compactness. In particular, we show that an operator acting in Bochner spaces of p-integrable functions for any 1First author is supported by Grant MTM2011-23164 of the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain). Second author is supported by Grant 284110 of CONACyT (Mexico). Fourth author is supported by Grant MTM2016-77054-C2-1-P of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigaciones (Spain) and FEDER.Calabuig, JM.; Fernández-Unzueta, M.; Galaz-Fontes, F.; Sánchez Pérez, EA. (2021). Maximal Factorization of Operators Acting in Kothe-Bochner Spaces. Journal of Geometric Analysis. 31(1):560-578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12220-019-00290-4S56057831
Equivalent norms in a banach function space and the subsequence property
[EN] Consider a finite measure space (Omega, Sigma, mu) and a Banach space X(mu) consisting of (equivalence classes of) real measurable functions defined on Omega such that f chi(A) is an element of X(mu) and parallel to f chi(A)parallel to <= parallel to f parallel to, for all f is an element of X(mu), A is an element of Sigma. We prove that if it satisfies the subsequence property, then it is an ideal of measurable functions and has an equivalent norm under which it is a Banach function space. As an application we characterize norms that are equivalent to a Banach function space norm.All the authors were supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (Spain), Agencia Estatal de Investigaciones, and FEDER. J.M. Calabuig and M. Fernandez-Unzueta under project MTM2014-53009-P. F. Galaz-Fontes under project MTM2009-14483-C02-01 and E. A. Sanchez Perez under project MTM2016-77054-C2-1-P. M. FernandezUnzueta was also supported by CONACYT 284110.Calabuig, JM.; Fernández-Unzueta, M.; Galaz-Fontes, F.; Sánchez Pérez, EA. (2019). Equivalent norms in a banach function space and the subsequence property. Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society. 56(5):1387-1401. https://doi.org/10.4134/JKMS.j180682S1387140156
Accurate classification of 75 counterparts of objects detected in the 54 month Palermo Swift/BAT hard X-ray catalogue
Through an optical campaign performed at 4 telescopes located in the northern
and the southern hemispheres, we have obtained optical spectroscopy for 75
counterparts of unclassified or poorly studied hard X-ray emitting objects
detected with Swift/BAT and listed in the 54 month Palermo BAT catalogue. All
these objects have also observations taken with Swift/XRT, ROSAT or Chandra
satellites which allowed us to reduce the high energy error box and pinpoint
the most likely optical counterpart/s. We find that 69 sources in our sample
are Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs); of them, 35 are classified as type 1 (with
broad and narrow emission lines), 33 are classified as type 2 (with only narrow
emission lines) and one is an high redshift QSO; the remaining 6 objects are
galactic cataclysmic variables (CVs). Among type 1 AGNs, 32 are objects of
intermediate Seyfert type (1.2-1.9) and one is Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy;
for 29 out of 35 type 1 AGNs, we have been able to estimate the central black
hole mass and the Eddington ratio. Among type 2 AGNs, two display optical
features typical of the LINER class, 3 are classified as transition objects, 1
is a starburst galaxy and 2 are instead X-ray bright, optically normal
galaxies. All galaxies classified in this work are relatively nearby objects
(0.006 - 0.213) except for one at redshift 1.137.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publications on Astronomy
and Astrophysics, main journal. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1206.509
Biochemical composition and physicochemical properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil
Moringa oleifera tree has been recognized internationally for its nutritional, therapeutic and medicinal properties. Dry seeds are rich sources of oil with a high potential of commercial exploitation. The present study reports the physicochemical characterization, polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity and fatty acid profile of moringa seed oil, and the chemical composition of the seed cultivated in Sonora, Mexico. Moisture, ash, protein and lipid contents in the seed were found to be 4.7, 5.8, 26 and 39%, respectively. The oil showed a refractive index of 1.4642. The saponification number was 183 mg KOH/g oil, iodine value: 75 g I/100 g of oil, acid value: 0.49 (% oleic acid). The polyphenol content was 0.137 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g and DPPH radical scavenging capacity was 87.39%. The moringa seed oil was rich (68%) in the major fatty acid, oleic acid (C18:1n9). Moringa oil extracted by sonication showed a fatty acid profile and physicochemical properties comparable to the oil from seeds grown in different regions of the world. The optimization of the oil extraction process on a large scale shows high potential, as the oil could be marketed as edible vegetable oil, for frying purposes, or as a functional ingredient
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