The role of Guanxi on Chinese leadership innovation:the pilot study on the electric motor sector

This research aims to examine the existence and nature of complex business-social relationships in the Chinese context (Guanxi) and evaluate how these relationships influence the behaviors of managers in State-owned Chinese engineering firms. Research on Guanxi is comprehensive though little work investigates internal influences and how internal relationships may mirror or replicate external Guanxi. This study uses a snowball sample of 66 senior managers across the key functional disciplines in typical large Chinese firms and explores how often strategic level problems in the firm are solved through relationships outside, inside or between the companies. Do Guanxi networks penetrate the organization itself and are there relationships that are unique to internal networks? The research finds that problem solving at strategic levels are often through internal and external networks, rather than internal management structures, but also that different problems complexities typically demonstrate unique problem-solving networks. The research identifies three different forms that these relationships take: Internal, inter-firm and hybrid relationship modes. Implications for this work suggest problem solving in Chinese firms is enhanced through cooperation and mutual respect, and likely to be inhibited by traditional Western approaches to management

Vibrational coherence in electron spin resonance in nanoscale oscillators

We study a scheme for electrical detection, using electron spin resonance, of coherent vibrations in a molecular single electron level trapped near a conduction channel. Both equilibrium spin-currents and non-equilibrium spin- and charge currents are investigated. Inelastic side-band anti-resonances corresponding to the vibrational modes appear in the electron spin resonance spectrum.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures: Published versio

Fermionic symmetry-protected topological state in strained graphene

The low-energy physics of graphene is described by relativistic Dirac fermions with spin and valley degrees of freedom. Mechanical strain can be used to create a pseudo magnetic field pointing to opposite directions in the two valleys. We study interacting electrons in graphene exposed to both an external real magnetic field and a strain-induced pseudo magnetic field. For a certain ratio between these two fields, it is proposed that a fermionic symmetry-protected topological state can be realized. The state is characterized in detail using model wave functions, Chern-Simons field theory, and numerical calculations. Our paper suggests that graphene with artificial gauge fields may host a rich set of topological states.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Coherent transport on Apollonian networks and continuous-time quantum walks

We study the coherent exciton transport on Apollonian networks generated by simple iterative rules. The coherent exciton dynamics is modeled by continuous-time quantum walks and we calculate the transition probabilities between two nodes of the networks. We find that the transport depends on the initial nodes of the excitation. For networks less than the second generation the coherent transport shows perfect revivals when the initial excitation starts at the central node. For networks of higher generation, the transport only shows partial revivals. Moreover, we find that the excitation is most likely to be found at the initial nodes while the coherent transport to other nodes has a very low probability. In the long time limit, the transition probabilities show characteristic patterns with identical values of limiting probabilities. Finally, the dynamics of quantum transport are compared with the classical transport modeled by continuous-time random walks.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figues. Submitted to Phys. ReV.

Hamiltonian Theory of Adiabatic Motion of Relativistic Charged Particles

A general Hamiltonian theory for the adiabatic motion of relativistic charged particles confined by slowly-varying background electromagnetic fields is presented based on a unified Lie-transform perturbation analysis in extended phase space (which includes energy and time as independent coordinates) for all three adiabatic invariants. First, the guiding-center equations of motion for a relativistic particle are derived from the particle Lagrangian. Covariant aspects of the resulting relativistic guiding-center equations of motion are discussed and contrasted with previous works. Next, the second and third invariants for the bounce motion and drift motion, respectively, are obtained by successively removing the bounce phase and the drift phase from the guiding-center Lagrangian. First-order corrections to the second and third adiabatic invariants for a relativistic particle are derived. These results simplify and generalize previous works to all three adiabatic motions of relativistic magnetically-trapped particles.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX, to appear in Physics of Plasmas (Aug, 2007

Fitness-driven deactivation in network evolution

Individual nodes in evolving real-world networks typically experience growth and decay --- that is, the popularity and influence of individuals peaks and then fades. In this paper, we study this phenomenon via an intrinsic nodal fitness function and an intuitive aging mechanism. Each node of the network is endowed with a fitness which represents its activity. All the nodes have two discrete stages: active and inactive. The evolution of the network combines the addition of new active nodes randomly connected to existing active ones and the deactivation of old active nodes with possibility inversely proportional to their fitnesses. We obtain a structured exponential network when the fitness distribution of the individuals is homogeneous and a structured scale-free network with heterogeneous fitness distributions. Furthermore, we recover two universal scaling laws of the clustering coefficient for both cases, $C(k) \sim k^{-1}$ and $C \sim n^{-1}$, where $k$ and $n$ refer to the node degree and the number of active individuals, respectively. These results offer a new simple description of the growth and aging of networks where intrinsic features of individual nodes drive their popularity, and hence degree.Comment: IoP Styl