3,355 research outputs found
Asymptotic decay of pair correlations in a Yukawa fluid
We analyse the asymptotic decay of the total correlation
function, , for a fluid composed of particles interacting via a (point)
Yukawa pair potential. Such a potential provides a simple model for dusty
plasmas. The asymptotic decay is determined by the poles of the liquid
structure factor in the complex plane. We use the hypernetted-chain closure to
the Ornstein-Zernike equation to determine the line in the phase diagram,
well-removed from the freezing transition line, where crossover occurs in the
ultimate decay of , from monotonic to damped oscillatory. We show: i)
crossover takes place via the same mechanism (coalescence of imaginary poles)
as in the classical one-component plasma and in other models of Coulomb fluids
and ii) leading-order pole contributions provide an accurate description of
at intermediate distances as well as at long range.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Strategic Review of Tropical Fisheries Management
This project addresses the constraints to tropical fisheries development with sustainable exploitation through a strategic assessment of tropical fisheries management with the following purposes: (1) To evaluate relevant research methods for the development of assessment models appropriate to the circumstances of tropical coastal fisheries; and (2) To evaluate the utility of existing strategies for the implementation of management advice. The report consists of three substantive chapters. Chapter 2 contains a detailed socio-economic assessment of various instruments and implementation strategies applicable to tropical capture fisheries. In Chapter 3, a detailed assessment of the fisheries for tropical large marine ecosystems has been conducted using a technique developed by FAO (Granger & Garcia 1996). The data used were the FAO statistics published regularly by FAO. This analysis has been conducted for each of the tropical large marine ecosystems and indicates that there is the potential for increased fishing in a number of these ecosystems. One of the clear requirements identified in Chapter 2 and implicit in Chapter 3, is that there is a significant need for simple and robust fisheries assessment methods which can estimate the potential of a particular resource, its capacity in terms of the level of fishing effort and its current status ie whether it is currently exploited sustainably or not. In Chapter 4, these problems are addressed directly and, using two approaches, significant simplification of fishery methods is developed. In the first approach, simple empirical relationships between the life history parameters of a species are used to develop models of potential yield which can be determined by a simple assessment of fish growth. In the second approach, optimal life history theory is applied to the key demographic parameters of exploited fish populations and using estimates of the Beverton & Holt invariants a significant simplifying of the basic stock assessment equations is developed
Propagation of Exchange Bias in CoFe/FeMn/CoFe Trilayers
CoFe/FeMn, FeMn/CoFe bilayers and CoFe/FeMn/CoFe trilayers were grown in
magnetic field and at room temperature. The exchange bias field
depends strongly on the order of depositions and is much higher at CoFe/FeMn
than at FeMn/CoFe interfaces. By combining the two bilayer structures into
symmetric CoFe/FeMn()/CoFe trilayers, and
of the top and bottom CoFe layers, respectively, are both enhanced.
Reducing of the trilayers also results in enhancements of
both and . These results evidence the propagation of
exchange bias between the two CoFe/FeMn and FeMn/CoFe interfaces mediated by
the FeMn antiferromagnetic order
Coral Reef Fisheries Literature Review and Database Research Report, Final Technical Report
First, coral reef fisheries literature references were obtained and organised into a computer database and a user manual produced. Second, a comprehensive review article summarising and interpreting the disparate literature was written and distributed along with the database. The database and accompanying review should assist research and management of coral reef fisheries in developing countries. In the original project memorandum, it was stated that initial emphasis would be placed on fin-fish fisheries. This emphasis has been maintained throughout the projec
Yoga for anxiety: a systematic review of the research evidence
Between March and June 2004, a systematic review was carried out of the research evidence on the effectiveness of yoga for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety disorders. Eight studies were reviewed. They reported positive results, although there were many methodological inadequacies. Owing to the diversity of conditions treated and poor quality of most of the studies, it is not possible to say that yoga is effective in treating anxiety or anxiety disorders in general. However, there are encouraging results, particularly with obsessive compulsive disorder. Further well conducted research is necessary which may be most productive if focused on specific anxiety disorders
On the equation of state of a dense columnar liquid crystal
An accurate description of a columnar liquid crystal of hard disks at high
packing fractions is presented using an improved free-volume theory. It is
shown that the orientational entropy of the disks in the one-dimensional fluid
direction leads to a different high-density scaling pressure compared to the
prediction from traditional cell theory. Excellent quantitative agreement is
found with recent Monte-Carlo simulation results for various thermodynamic and
structural properties of the columnar state.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Enteral Nutrition in Crohn’s Disease: An Underused Therapy
This paper reviews the literature on the history, efficacy, and putative mechanism of action of enteral nutrition for inflammatory bowel disease in both paediatric and adult patients. It also analyses the reasoning behind the low popularity of exclusive enteral nutrition in clinical practice despite the benefits and safety profile
The intermittent behavior and hierarchical clustering of the cosmic mass field
The hierarchical clustering model of the cosmic mass field is examined in the
context of intermittency. We show that the mass field satisfying the
correlation hierarchy is intermittent if , where is the dimension of the field, and is the power-law
index of the non-linear power spectrum in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT)
representation. We also find that a field with singular clustering can be
described by hierarchical clustering models with scale-dependent coefficients
and that this scale-dependence is completely determined by the
intermittent exponent and . Moreover, the singular exponents of a field
can be calculated by the asymptotic behavior of when is large.
Applying this result to the transmitted flux of HS1700 Ly forests, we
find that the underlying mass field of the Ly forests is significantly
intermittent. On physical scales less than about 2.0 h Mpc, the observed
intermittent behavior is qualitatively different from the prediction of the
hierarchical clustering with constant . The observations, however, do show
the existence of an asymptotic value for the singular exponents. Therefore, the
mass field can be described by the hierarchical clustering model with
scale-dependent . The singular exponent indicates that the cosmic mass
field at redshift is weakly singular at least on physical scales as
small as 10 h kpc.Comment: AAS Latex file, 33 pages,5 figures included, accepted for publication
in Ap
Anomalous interactions in confined charge-stabilized colloid
Charge-stabilized colloidal spheres dispersed in weak 1:1 electrolytes are
supposed to repel each other. Consequently, experimental evidence for anomalous
long-ranged like-charged attractions induced by geometric confinement inspired
a burst of activity. This has largely subsided because of nagging doubts
regarding the experiments' reliability and interpretation. We describe a new
class of thermodynamically self-consistent colloidal interaction measurements
that confirm the appearance of pairwise attractions among colloidal spheres
confined by one or two bounding walls. In addition to supporting previous
claims for this as-yet unexplained effect, these measurements also cast new
light on its mechanism.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX4. Conference proceedings for CODEF-04,
Colloidal Dispersions in External Fields, March 29 - April 1, 200
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