Revision of Trapezium nucleus(Coquand, 1865) (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from the Aptian of the Maestrat basin

Es completa la descripció de Trapezium nucleus (Coquand, 1865) i se n’estableix una diagnosi. Es realitza un estudi biomètric de les poblacions de la Conca del Maestrat i s’indiquen les diferències entre les subconques d’Oliete i de Morella. Es fa una anàlisi ontogenètica i es designa un neotip. Es compara amb l’holotip de Tapes parallela Coquand, 1865 concloent que T. nucleus és una espècie diferent de T. parallela, tot i que les formes juvenils presenten fortes similituds. S’amplia la distribució de T. nucleusa dues noves localitats dins la subconca de Morella: el Forcall i Vallibona (els Ports, Castelló).Se completa la descripción de Trapezium nucleus (Coquand, 1865) y se establece su diagnosis. Se realiza un estudio biométrico de las poblaciones de dicha especie en la cuenca del Maestrazgo, indicando las diferencias entre las subcuencas de Oliete y de Morella. Se analiza la ontogenia de la misma y se designa un neotipo. Se compara con el holotipo de Tapes parallela Coquand, 1865 concluyendo que T. nucleus es una especie distinta de T. parallela, aunque sus ejemplares juveniles presentan fuertes similitudes. Se amplía la distribución de T. nucleusa dos nuevas localidades de la subcuenca de Morella: el Forcall y Vallibona (comarca dels Ports, Castelló).The description of Trapezium nucleus (Coquand, 1865) is completed and a diagnosis is given. A biometric study of population of Maestrat basin and differences between Oliete sub-basin and Morella sub-basin are done. An ontogenetic analysis is made and a neotype is designated. T. nucleus is compared with Tapes parallela Coquand, 1865 holotype. T. nucleus and T. parallela are now considered as separated species, although immature forms are very similar. The distribution of T. nucleus is extended in two new localities both belonging to the Morella sub-basin: el Forcall and Vallibona (els Ports, Castelló)

Primera cita de Mauremys leprosa (Sauropsida: Testudines) a Sant Mateu del Maestrat

La tortuga de rierol, Mauremys leprosa (Scheigger, 1812), és citada per primer cop a Sant Mateu del Maestrat (el Baix Maestrat). Es fa una primera valoració de l'estat de la població, que es considera bona, amb una estructura d'edat normal i amb abundants exemplars juvenils que asseguren el reemplaçament. No s'han observat altres torugues d'aigua a la zona.First record of the Mauremys leprosa (Sauropsida: Testudines) in Sant Mateu del Maestrat.Terrapin, Mauremys leprosa (Schegger, 1812), is mentioned for the first time in Sant Mateu del Maestrat (el Baix Maestrat, Spain). A first assessment of he state of the population is made. That is considered good, with a natural age structure and abundant young speciments that ensure replacement. No other turtles were observed in the are

First record of the Mauremys leprosa (Sauropsida: Testudines) in Sant Mateu del Maestrat

La tortuga de rierol, Mauremys leprosa (Scheigger, 1812), és citada per primer cop a Sant Mateu del Maestrat (el Baix Maestrat). Es fa una primera valoració de l’estat de la població, que es considera bona, amb una estructura d’edat normal i amb abundants exemplars juvenils que asseguren el reemplaçament. No s’han observat altres tortugues d’aigua a la zona.Terrapin, Mauremys leprosa (Scheigger, 1812), is mentioned for the first time in Sant Mateu del Maestrat (el Baix Maestrat, Spain). A first assessment of the state of the population is made. That is considered good, with a natural age structure and abundant young specimens that ensure replacement. No other turtles were observed in the area

JOINT CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM AND ATTITUDE VECTOR: INFLUENCE IN THE INTERPRETATION OF MOVEMENTS

INTRODUCTION: A rapid lateral braking movement and a rapid turning movement were recorded with two cameras Photo Sonics 16mm at 200 frames/s. The different Joint Coordinate Systems and the attitude vector has a better behavior in these practical cases as suggested by H. Woltring and has the same anatomical sense that the most usual Joint Coordinate Systems. RESULTS: Four body segments were defined: foot, leg, thigh and hip. Three markers define the 3D position of each segment. The position of the markers was selected following the criteria that the movement of muscles and skin had not a big influence on the measurements. To define the anatomical axes the anthropometrical model proposed by Vaughan et al. (1992) was used with some variations, because of the supposition that some markers belong 'to two body segments at the same time is not correct in the movements studied. CONCLUSIONS: In the two movements studied the angle's curves calculated with the attitude vector have a form similar to those of the curves calculated with JCS-1 and JCS+1 which the Joint Coordinate Systems recommended as standard in Cole et al. (1993) and ISB (1995), but the absolute value of the angles is displaced. It is clear that the selection of the JCS has influence in the angle's value and, in some cases, it can change the description of the movement. The order of rotations in JCS are 123 (+1), 231 (+2), 312 (+3), 132 (-1), 321 (-2),213 (-3). In lateral braking movement JCS+3 changes the hip flexion for hip extension and knee flexion for knee extension. And 71 JCS-3 changes hip adduction for hip abduction and hip internal rotation for hip external rotation. In the turning movement JCS+2 changes hip flexion, hip adduction, knee adduction and ankle supination. JCS+3 changes hip flexion, hip adduction, knee extension and knee internal rotation. JCS-3 changes hip adduction. If only these JCS had been used, the description of movement would have been incongruent. Although the attitude vector has some mathematical advantages, the matter of wh ich is the more anatomical is still open. The attitude vector represents the movement in one helical displacement around an axis The different JCS represent the movement in three ordered helical displacements around three consecutive axes. REFERENCES: Cole, G.K.; Nigg, B.M.; Ronsky, J.L.; Yeadon, M.R. (1993) Application of the Joint Coordinate System to the Three Dimensional Joint Attitude and Movement Representation: A Standardization Proposal. Transactions of the ASME, 115,344-349. ISB (1995) A joint coordinate system for the ankle complex. ISB News'letter, 59, 6-8. Kapandji, IA (1988) Cuaderno 2: Miembro Inferior. Cuadernos de fisiologia articular.(Edited by Masson S.A.). Barcelona. Vaughan, C.L; Davis, B.L.; O'Connor, J.C. (1992) Dynamics of human gait. Human Kinetics Books, Champaign, IIlinois Woltring, H.J. (1994) 3-D attitude representation of human joints: a standardization proposal. J. Biomech. 27

The mediterranean biotypes of Tylenchulus semipenetrans in Spanish citrus orchards

Les capacités de reproduction de quatorze populations du nématode des citrus (#Tylenchulus semipenetrans$) collectées dans la principale zone de citriculture de l'Espagne ont été comparées sur oranger amer et citrange Carrizo. Toutes les populations ont été identifiées comme appartenant au biotype méditerranéen. La capacité de reproduction varie considérablement en fonction des populations. Le pouvoir infestant et le taux de reproduction des populations collectées dans la rhizosphère des porte-greffes citranges Troyer ou Carrizo sont plus élevés (P supérieur ou égal à 0,05) que ceux des populations collectées sur oranger amer. (Résumé d'auteur