A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cocos nucifera (Coconut) Water as a Rooting Hormone in a Hydroponic and Conventional Set-up in Growing Ocimum basilicum (Basil)

Food shortage is still a problem in the Philippines since millions of people may be classified as undernourished. Efforts to augment the insufficiency include developing an efficient planting method as a source of food. This experimental study tested the effectiveness of coconut water as a rooting hormone on hydroponically and conventionally grown basil plants by measuring the height, fresh weight, leaf length, and root length for three weeks, which also served as the dependent variables. Consequently, two (2) hydroponic set-ups and two (2) conventional set-ups utilize a randomized block design. The set-ups containing coconut water served as the independent variables, while the ones without served as the control. Before the data gathering procedures, the containers were sterilized, the tap water was exposed to sunlight, and the basil seeds were soaked in coconut water. Six hours later, the seeds were planted. After three weeks, the leaf length and root length were measured using a digital caliper, while the height and weight were measured using a standard ruler and digital scale. The nutrient solution and pH level were also monitored. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA for leaf length and plant weight, while one-way ANOVA was used for plant height and root length. In addition, a post-hoc test was used for variables that had a significant effect. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the mean. The hydroponic setup was effective on producing a higher yield for root length (M=112), while the conventional setup was effective on plant height (M=99.7) and leaf length (M=44.1). While the intervention had no significant contribution (p\u3e0.05), hydroponics as an alternative planting technique still has potential in the agricultural sector

Complexion, Temperament and Four–Humor Theory in the Renaissance

A central concept in Galenic medicine, the temperament designates the state of health resulting from the balance of the four humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile (or melancholy). Produced in the liver during digestion, the humors stem from the mixture of the primary qualities (hot, cold, dry, and moist) related to the four elements (air, fire, water, and earth). The notion of temperament was fundamental for theoretical and practical medical branches, from physiology and pathology to therapeutics and dietetics. It defines the physical constitution of all living beings as well as food, drugs, and natural things in general. In therapeutics, the patient’s humoral imbalance is cured by a qualitatively “contrary” remedy, an appropriate diet or by surgical means such as bloodletting and clyster. Because temperament also involves the mixture of elements, it gave rise to long-standing debates in medieval and Renaissance philosophy about the status of the elements in the compound, in particular their qualities, matter, and form.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Characterization of the Biocompatible Magnetic Colloid on the Basis of Fe(3)O(4) Nanoparticles Coated with Dextran, Used as Contrast Agent in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, the so-called Endorem (TM) colloidal suspension on the basis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (mean diameter of 5.5 nm) coated with dextran, were characterized on the basis of several measurement techniques to determine the parameters of their most important physical and chemical properties. It is assumed that each nanoparticle is consisted of Fe(3)O(4) monodomain and it was observed that its oxidation to gamma-Fe(2)O(3) occurs at 253.1 degrees C. The Mossbauer spectroscopy have shown a superparamagnetic behavior of the magnetic nanoparticles. The Magnetic Resonance results show an increase of the relaxation times T(1), T(2), and T(2)* with decreasing concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles. The relaxation effects of SPIONs contrast agents are influenced by their local concentration as well as the applied field strength and the environment in which these agents interact with surrounding protons. The proton relaxation rates presented a linear behavior with concentration. The measured values of thermooptic coefficient partial derivative n/partial derivative T, thermal conductivity K, optical birefringence Delta n(0), nonlinear refractive index n(2), nonlinear absorption beta` and third-order nonlinear susceptibility vertical bar chi((3))vertical bar are also reported.Institut Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert EinsteinFAPESPCAPESCNPqInstitut do Milenio de Fluidos Complexo