4,280 research outputs found
Further progress in ion back-flow reduction with patterned gaseous hole-multipliers
A new idea on electrostatic deviation and capture of back-drifting
avalanche-ions in cascaded gaseous hole-multipliers is presented. It involves a
flipped reversed-bias Micro-Hole & Strip Plate (F-R-MHSP) element, the strips
of which are facing the drift region of the multiplier. The ions, originating
from successive multiplication stages, are efficiently deviated and captured by
such electrode. Experimental results are provided comparing the ion-blocking
capability of the F-R-MHSP to that of the reversed-bias Micro-Hole & Strip
Plate (R-MHSP) and the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM). Best ion-blocking results
in cascaded hole-multipliers were reached with a detector having the F-R-MHSP
as the first multiplication element. A three-element F-R-MHSP/GEM/MHSP cascaded
multiplier operated in atmospheric-pressure Ar/CH4 (95/5), at total gain of
~10^{5}, yielded ion back-flow fractions of 3*10^{-4} and 1.5*10^{-4}, at drift
fields of 0.5 and 0.2 kV/cm, respectively. We describe the F-R-MHSP concept and
the relevance of the obtained ion back-flow fractions to various applications;
further ideas are also discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, published in JINS
Simulation of VUV electroluminescence in micropattern gaseous detectors: the case of GEM and MHSP
Electroluminescence produced during avalanche development in gaseous
avalanche detectors is an useful information for triggering, calorimetry and
tracking in gaseous detectors. Noble gases present high electroluminescence
yields, emitting mainly in the VUV region. The photons can provide signal
readout if appropriate photosensors are used. Micropattern gaseous detectors
are good candidates for signal amplification in high background and/or low rate
experiments due to their high electroluminescence yields and radiopurity. In
this work, the VUV light responses of the Gas Electron Multiplier and of the
Micro-Hole Strip Plate, working with pure xenon, are simulated and studied in
detail using a new and versatile C++ toolkit. It is shown that the solid angle
subtended by a photosensor placed below the microstructures depends on the
operating conditions. The obtained absolute EL yields, determined for different
gas pressures and as functions of the applied voltage, are compared with those
determined experimentally.Comment: Accepted for publication in Journal of Instrumentatio
Pressure effect in the X-ray intrinsic position resolution in noble gases and mixtures
A study of the gas pressure effect in the position resolution of an
interacting X- or gamma-ray photon in a gas medium is performed. The intrinsic
position resolution for pure noble gases (Argon and Xenon) and their mixtures
with CO2 and CH4 were calculated for several gas pressures (1-10bar) and for
photon energies between 5.4 and 60.0 keV, being possible to establish a linear
match between the intrinsic position resolution and the inverse of the gas
pressure in that energy range. In order to evaluate the quality of the method
here described, a comparison between the available experimental data and the
calculated one in this work, is done and discussed. In the majority of the
cases, a strong agreement is observed
A dynamic method for charging-up calculations: the case of GEM
The simulation of Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGDs) signal response is
an important and powerful tool for the design and optimization of such
detectors. However, several attempts to simulate exactly the effective charge
gain have not been completely successful. Namely, the gain stability over time
has not been fully understood. Charging-up of the insulator surfaces have been
pointed as one of the responsible for the difference between experimental and
Monte Carlo results. This work describes two iterative methods to simulate the
charging-up in one MPGD device, the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM). The first
method uses a constant step for avalanches time evolution, very detailed, but
slower to compute. The second method uses a dynamic step that improves the
computing time. Good agreement between both methods was reached. Despite of
comparison with experimental results shows that charging-up plays an important
role in detectors operation, should not be the only responsible for the
difference between simulated and measured effective gain, but explains the time
evolution in the effective gain.Comment: Minor changes in grammatical statements and inclusion of some
important information about experimental setup at section "Comparison with
experimental results
The Resistive-Plate WELL with Argon mixtures - a robust gaseous radiation detector
A thin single-element THGEM-based, Resistive-Plate WELL (RPWELL) detector was
operated with 150 GeV/c muon and pion beams in Ne/(5%CH), Ar/(5%CH) and
Ar/(7%CO); signals were recorded with 1 cm square pads and SRS/APV25
electronics. Detection efficiency values greater than 98% were reached in all
the gas mixtures, at average pad multiplicity of 1.2. The use of the
10{\Omega}cm resistive plate resulted in a completely discharge-free
operation also in intense pion beams. The efficiency remained essentially
constant at 98-99% up to fluxes of 10Hz/cm, dropping by a few %
when approaching 10 Hz/cm. These results pave the way towards
cost-effective, robust, efficient, large-scale detectors for a variety of
applications in future particle, astro-particle and applied fields. A potential
target application is digital hadron calorimetry.Comment: presented at the 2016 VIenna Conf. On instrumentation. Submitted to
the Conference proceeding
Capacidade de absorção de nutrientes do capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha) e da planta daninha Malva (Urena lobata) em função do pH.
A capacidade competitiva entre plantas daninhas e cultivadas é influenciada por vários fatores, entre eles o pH do meio onde as plantas crescem. Dessa forma, analisaram-se os efeitos da variação do pH sobre o desenvolvimento e os teores dos nutrientes fósforo, potássio, cálcio e magnésio acumulado na parte aérea e nas raízes do capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha) e da planta daninha malva (Urena lobata). Para isso, foram preparadas soluções nutritivas com os seguintes valores de pH: 3,5; 4,5; 5,5; e 6,5. Os trabalhos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, por um período experimental de 42 dias. A gramínea forrageira e a planta daninha responderam diferentemente à variação do pH. O capim-marandu apresentou maior sensibilidade às variações do pH, tendo sido a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes sempre crescente em função do aumento do pH. Por sua vez, a produção de matéria seca das duas frações da planta daninha não foi influenciada pela variação do pH. Comparativamente, o capim-marandu apresentou maior habilidade para absorver nutrientes em pH 6,5, enquanto a malva apresentou maior habilidade em condições de pH extremo (3,5 e 6,5). Independentemente do pH da solução nutritiva e da parte da planta analisada, os teores de fósforo, potássio, cálcio e magnésio foram, quase sempre, mais elevados na planta daninha do que no capim-marandu, demonstrando que a malva apresenta maior habilidade para extrair esses nutrientes do sol
Resposta da laranjeira à adubação nitrogenada e potássica em latossolo amarelo no Nordeste Paraense.
bitstream/item/28241/1/BPD61.pdfDisponível também on-line
Propriedades químicas de um latossolo amarelo cultivado com pastagens na Amazônia Oriental.
A pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de avaliar as modificações das propriedades químicas de um Latossolo Amarelo com cultivo de pastagens, submetidos a dois modelos de sistemas rotacionados, nos períodos chuvoso e seco, um com Brachiaria brizantha e o outro com Panicum maximum, nos anos de 1996 e 1997. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos dispostos num esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com doze repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelas forrageiras braquiarão e tobiatã e as subparcelas foram constituídas pelos períodos chuvoso e seco dentro de cada ano. Para o estudo das propriedades químicas do solo, foram coletadas amostras nos períodos chuvoso e seco. O material orgânico incorporado ao solo através de restos de vegetais e a presença de excremento animal alterou as propriedades químicas nos anos estudados. Os teores de Ca, Mg, K, P, MO e o valor de pH foram maiores no ano de 1997. Teores mais elevados de Ca e Mg foram obtidos no sistema de pastejo com tobiatã do que no sistema com braquiarão. No período chuvoso os teores de Mg, K, MO e o valor de pH foram maiores, com exceção de P e Ca para o ano de 1997
Simulation of gain stability of THGEM gas-avalanche particle detectors
Charging-up processes affecting gain stability in Thick Gas Electron
Multipliers (THGEM) were studied with a dedicated simulation toolkit.
Integrated with Garfield++, it provides an effective platform for systematic
phenomenological studies of charging-up processes in MPGD detectors. We
describe the simulation tool and the fine-tuning of the step-size required for
the algorithm convergence, in relation to physical parameters. Simulation
results of gain stability over time in THGEM detectors are presented, exploring
the role of electrode-thickness and applied voltage on its evolution. The
results show that the total amount of irradiated charge through electrode's
hole needed for reaching gain stabilization is in the range of tens to hundreds
of pC, depending on the detector geometry and operational voltage. These
results are in agreement with experimental observations presented previously
High-pressure operation of a xenon-GPSC/MSGC hybrid detector for hard X-ray spectrometry
The performance of a high-pressure xenon gas proportional scintillation counter/microstrip gas chamber (GPSC/MSGC) hybrid detector has been investigated for filling pressures from 1 up to 10 bar, for 22-, 30- and 60-keV photons. GPSC/MSGC hybrid detectors are based on a xenon-GPSC instrumented with a CsI-coated microstrip plate photosensor placed directly within the xenon envelope, as a substitute for the photomultiplier tube. This design avoids the constraints due to the use of a quartz scintillation window for GPSC-photosensor coupling, which absorbs a significant amount of scintillation and is a drawback for applications where large detection areas and high filling pressures are needed. The lowest energy resolutions are achieved for 2 bar (5.5% and 3.4%, FWHM, for 22- and 60-keV photons, respectively). Increasing the pressure to the 5-6 bar range, competitive energy resolutions of 7% and 4.5% are still achieved for 22- and 60-keV photons, respectively. This detector could be a compelling alternative in applications where compactness, large detection area, insensitivity to strong magnetic fields, room temperature operation, large signal-to-noise ratio and good energy resolution are important requirements.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TJM-4M3B6DG-8/1/04ba8b77386c4c69025c7ca19342f79
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