Guía de gestión integrada de plagas: aguacate

Coordinadores: Ángel Martín Gil y Gregoria Aranda Aranda

Guía de gestión integrada de plagas: mango

Coordinadores: Ángel Martín Gil y Gregoria Aranda Aranda

A Longitudinal 1H NMR-Based Metabolic Profile Analysis of Urine from Hospitalized Premature Newborns Receiving Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Preterm newborns are extremely vulnerable to morbidities, complications, and death. Preterm birth is a global public health problem due to its socioeconomic burden. Nurturing preterm newborns is a critical medical issue because they have limited nutrient stores and it is difficult to establish enteral feeding, which leads to inadequate growth frequently associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Parenteral nutrition (PN) provides nutrients to preterm newborns, but its biochemical effects are not completely known. To study the effect of PN treatment on preterm newborns, an untargeted metabolomic 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) assay was performed on 107 urine samples from 34 hospitalized patients. Multivariate data (Principal Component Analysis, PCA, Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis OPLS-DA, parallel factor analysis PARAFAC-2) and univariate analyses were used to identify the association of specific spectral data with different nutritional types (NTs) and gestational ages. Our results revealed changes in the metabolic profile related to the NT, with the tricarboxylic acid cycle and galactose metabolic pathways being the most impacted pathways. Low citrate and succinate levels, despite higher glucose relative urinary concentrations, seem to constitute the metabolic profile found in the studied critically ill preterm newborns who received PN, indicating an energetic dysfunction that must be taken into account for better nutritional management

Insects as a potential source of chitin and chitosan: Physicochemical, morphological and structural characterization. -A review

Insects are mega-diverse species. Structurally, insects are composed of the polysaccharide known as chitin and its deacetylated derivative, chitosan. Actually, exist few studies regarding to the physicochemical and structural characterization of these biopolymers in the main insect orders. The present study shows a review of chitin and chitosan obtained from insect sources; it was carried out on the similarities and differences between these biopolymers and those obtained from conventional sources. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform, and thermogravimetric analysis are presented which are important to determine how the structural, morphological and physicochemical properties of chitin and chitosan are affected depending on the source taxonomy of insects. The main techniques used for the isolation and the yields obtained are shown. Future research will be conducted to expand chitin and chitosan applications from insect in areas as diverse as food, biotechnology and biomedicine, emphasizing that insects can represent a potential raw material.Keywords: Biopolymeric materials; Physicochemical characterization; Insect order; Insect species; Chitin yiel