1,652 research outputs found
Vicksburg Is the Key: The Struggle for the Mississippi River
General in black and white: Illustrated biography of a Union warrior Nearly forty years have elapsed since the last substantial photographic collection of Ulysses S. Grant\u27s life was assembled. In U.S. Grant Album, published in 1966, historian Lawrence A. Frost presented...
Unsung Hero of Gettysburg: The Story of Union General David McMurtrie Gregg
Reviewer David J. Eicher writes that Longacre presents a âfine narrative,â in which the author weaves stories of the generalâs personal life together with battle scenes that âare interesting and move along at a fast pace.â Longacre âclearly admires his subject,â Eicher writes, but the work âis not without offering criticism.â With Unsung Hero of Gettysburg, the general âhas finally received a biography that delivers the details of a soldierâs full and interesting life,â over a century after Greggâs death
CRAFTING SMALLHOLDER-DRIVEN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,
Phosphoglycerate kinase acts as a futile cycle at high temperature
In (hyper)thermophilic organisms metabolic processes have to be adapted to function optimally at high temperature. We compared the gluconeogenic conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate via 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate at 30 C and at 70 C. At 30 C it was possible to produce 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate from 3-phosphoglycerate with phosphoglycerate kinase, but at 70 C, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate was dephosphorylated rapidly to 3-phosphoglycerate, effectively turning the phosphoglycerate kinase into a futile cycle. When phosphoglycerate kinase was incubated together with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase it was possible to convert 3-phosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate, both at 30 C and at 70 C, however, at 70 C only low concentrations of product were observed due to thermal instability of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Thus, thermolabile intermediates challenge central metabolic reactions and require special adaptation strategies for life at high temperature
Efficacy of oral administration of specific immunoglobulins in preventing neonatal calf diarrhoea in dairy herds.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of bovine concentrated lactoserum (BCL) containing specific immunoglobulin GÂ against Escherichia coli, rotavirus and coronavirus in preventing neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD).
METHODS
A total of 489 newborn calves from 35 herds were orally given either BCL or a placebo before the first feeding of colostrum and clinically supervised by the farmers for the first 14 days of life. The diarrhoea score was defined according to the following criteria: 0 = no diarrhoea; 1 = light diarrhoea without medical treatment; 2 = diarrhoea requiring oral treatment (rehydration and/or antibiotic therapy); and 3 = severe diarrhoea requiring parenteral rehydration or resulting in death.
RESULTS
A total of 138 calves suffered from diarrhoea (28%), and 65 (13%) showed signs of diarrhoea requiring treatment. The odds of getting NCD were reduced (odds ratio = 0.326; p < 0.001) in the BCL group. There was a tendency towards a reduction in the duration of NCD in the BCL group (2.25 (±1.7) days vs. 2.88 (±2.7) days in the placebo group) (p = 0.052). Furthermore, no calves died in the BCL group, whereas four calves died in the placebo group.
LIMITATIONS
Because of the design of the study using animals in practice, the mechanisms explaining the clinical findings remain as hypotheses. Diarrhoea scoring performed by farmers has to be analysed and interpreted with caution.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that BCL as a single preventive treatment is effective in reducing the incidence of NCD even in a region with good general management of dairy calves and overall good colostrum quality
Early oral-motor interventions for pediatric feeding problems: What, when and how
Children with developmental delays often have feeding difficulties resulting from oral-motor problems. Based on both clinical experience and a review of published studies, oral-motor interventions have been shown to be effective in improving the oral function of preterm infants and children with neuromotor disorders, such as cerebral palsy. However, oral-motor problems may be under identified in other populations of children with developmental difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework for understanding oral-motor skill development and problems that can occur in any infant and young child and to review oral-motor treatment techniques and their empirical support
Cancer care during the Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of patients and their relatives:A qualitative study
Objective: The Covid â19 pandemic has had a major influence on the organization of cancer care. Little is known about how patients with cancer and their relatives experienced this period. This study explored these experiences and levels of distress and resilience of Dutch cancer patients and their family caregivers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: The qualitative design included in-depth interviews with cancer patients and their family caregivers to explore their experiences. The distress thermometer (NCCN-DT) and resilience questionnaire (CD-RISC2) were used for contextualizing. Data were analyzed by thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. Results: 40 patients with breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, or melanoma who received active systemic anti-cancer therapy, were included with a median age of 60 years[SD11.1]. We also included fourteen family caregivers with a median age of 60 years [SD8.6]. Five themes were identified: (1) Living with cancer during Covid-19, (2) Changes in cancer care, (3) Information and support, (4) Safety inside the hospital, and (5) Impact of vaccination. The mean score of NCCN-DT was 2.9[SD2.4] for patients and 4.3[SD2.7] for family caregivers. Mean score of CD-RISC2 was 6.6[SD1.4] for patients and 7.2[SD1] for family caregivers. Conclusions: Patients felt vulnerable during the pandemic and were strict in following the safety precautions. The limited companionship of family caregivers was experienced as the biggest restraint. In general, they felt safe inside the hospital. Vaccination brought some relief. Patients were satisfied with the provided support, but areas were identified which are amenable for redesigning care processes.</p
The JWS online simulation database
Summary: JWS Online is a web-based platform for construction, simulation and exchange of models in standard formats. We have extended the platform with a database for curated simulation experiments that can be accessed directly via a URL, allowing one-click reproduction of published results. Users can modify the simulation experiments and export them in standard formats. The Simulation database thus lowers the bar on exploring computational models, helps users create valid simulation descriptions and improves the reproducibility of published simulation experiments. Availability and Implementation: The Simulation Database is available on line at https://jjj.bio.vu. nl/models/experiments/
Causal effect of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 on coronary heart disease
Background--Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) plays an essential role in the fibrinolysis system and thrombosis. Population studies have reported that blood PAI-1 levels are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it is unclear whether the association reflects a causal influence of PAI-1 on CHD risk. Methods and Results--To evaluate the association between PAI-1 and CHD, we applied a 3-step strategy. First, we investigated the observational association between PAI-1 and CHD incidence using a systematic review based on a literature search for PAI-1 and CHD studies. Second, we explored the causal association between PAI-1 and CHD using a Mendelian randomization approach using summary statistics from large genome-wide association studies. Finally, we explored the causal effect of PAI-1 on cardiovascular risk factors including metabolic and subclinical atherosclerosis measures. In the systematic meta-analysis, the highest quantile of blood PAI-1 level was associated with higher CHD risk comparing with the lowest quantile (odds ratio=2.17; 95% CI: 1.53, 3.07) in an age- and sex-adjusted model. The effect size was reduced in studies using a multivariable-adjusted model (odds ratio=1.46; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.88). The Mendelian randomization analyses suggested a causal effect of increased PAI-1 level on CHD risk (odds ratio=1.22 per unit increase of log-transformed PAI-1; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.47). In addition, we also detected a causal effect of PAI-1 on elevating blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions--Our study indicates a causal effect of elevated PAI-1 level on CHD risk, which may be mediated by glucose dysfunction.</p
Food Security and Diet Quality in Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino Infants 3 to 12 Months of Age
Food insecurity and other nutritional risks in infancy pose a lifelong risk to wellbeing; however, their effect on diet quality in Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino (NHPIF) infants in Hawaiâi is unknown. In this cross-sectional analysis, the association between various indicators of food security and NHPIF infant diet quality were investigated in 70 NHPIF infants aged 3â12 months residing on Oâahu, Hawaiâi. The dietary assessments of the infants were collected using a mobile food recordTM. Foods consumed across four days were categorized into seven food groups. Indicators for food security were examined through an adapted infant food security index and other indicators. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, independent sample t-tests, multinomial logistic regression, and linear regression models. In models adjusting for age and sex, infants defined as food insecure by the adapted index were found to consume foods from more food groups and consume flesh foods on a greater proportion of days. Of the indicators examined, the adapted index was shown to be the best indicator for food group consumption. Further work is needed on a more representative sample of NHPIF infants to determine the impact that food security has on nutritional status and other indicators of health
- âŠ