Common Parasites of Swine

The publication of this bulletin is designed to convey to hog raisers of this state information regarding some of the common parasites of swine. All of the parasites described herein have been found infesting swine within the state. Some of the parasites may be common in some localities, and uncommon in others. Undoubtedly all sections of South Dakota are in danger at any time of experiencing loss from these parasites

The impact on photovoltaic worth of utulity rate and reform and of specific market, financial, and policy variables : a commercialindustrialinstitution sector analysis

This work provides an assessment of the economic outlook for photovoltaic systems in the commercial, industrial and institutional sectors in the year 1986. We first summarize the expected cost and performance goals for photovoltaic technology, and then estimate aspects of the market and financial environment pertinent to assessment of a PV investment beginning in that year. Our analysis covers three geographic regions of the U.S., characterized by Boston, Madison, and Phoenix, and examines PV economic performance when operating against five different means for establishing utility backup rates. In addition, we assess the potential of a photovoltaic array to reduce a firm's monthly capacity charge.Our results break down as follows. For our initial analysis, utilizing a base case set of financial parameters, we find that a peak-shaving credit (reduction in monthly capacity charge) attributed to a photovoltaic array can be significant, but not so much as to prove photovoltaics economic in the commercial sector in 1986. The institutional sector will find photovoltaics profitable if they discount at rates reflective of the returns on long-term government bonds. In our extended analysis, we perform sensitivity studies and examine the impact of combinations of government incentives. We find that photovoltaics will just turn economic in 1986 for the commercial/industrial sector given an optimistic set of incentive policies. We finalize our analysis with an important list of caveats to our conclusions

Forecasting for day-ahead offshore maintenance scheduling under uncertainty

Offshore wind farm maintenance operations are complex and dangerous, and as such are subject to strict safety constraints. In addition, crew and vessels must be scheduled in advance for both planned and reactive maintenance operations. Meteorological forecasts on many time-scales are used to inform scheduling decisions, but are imperfect. Short-term maintenance scheduling is therefore a problem of decision-making under uncertainty. This paper proposes a probabilistic approach to the short-term scheduling problem based on a cost-loss model for individual maintenance missions, and probabilistic forecasts of appropriate access windows. This approach is found to increase the utilisation of possible access windows compared to using deterministic decision rules. The impact of forecasting on the availability and operational costs of oshore wind is then examined using a Monte Carlo-based cost model. This has quantified the impact on availability and revenue performance under a range of site conditions

The impact of innovativeness on supply chain performance: is supply chain integration a missing link?

© Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Purpose - This purpose of this paper is to study the impact of innovativeness on supply chain integration (SCI) and supply chain performance (SCP) and the role of SCI in mediating between innovativeness in the supply chain and SCP. Innovativeness is an accepted driver to leverage firm performance. SCI and SCP require innovativeness in the supply chain, but their interrelationships have rarely been researched empirically.P Design/methodology/approach - A questionnaire survey and structural equation modelling were used in this work. After a structural and measurement model was devised from existing supply chain literature, the main data were collected in a web-based questionnaire survey of South Korean manufacturers. Structural equation modelling was applied to test proposed hypotheses on the associations between variables, following a hierarchical analysis process.P Findings - Innovativeness in the supply chain had a positive impact on both SCI and SCP. However, the direct impact of innovativeness on SCP disappeared when the model included SCI as a mediator. In specific, internal and supplier integration fully mediated innovativeness-SCP relationships, whereas customer integration had no mediating role on those relationships. The findings suggest that innovativeness can influence SCP only when the manufacturer’s level of SCI is sufficiently effective in developing necessary supply chain practices.P Research limitations/implications - In this work, innovativeness in the supply chain effectively influenced SCP through the mediation of SCI. However, cross-sectional analysis in one nation using one response per organisation invites validation embracing other geographical areas and longitudinal studies.P Practical implications - Design of an innovative culture within a firm and along a supply chain can enhance SCI practices by stimulating innovativeness. A high level of SCI should be pursued to effectively transform innovativeness into performance.P Originality/value - This work seminally examines the effect of innovativeness in the supply chain on SCI and SCP as well as the mediating role of SCI in the relationships between innovativeness and SCP

Electrolyte disturbances in some urological conditions

Changes in electrolyte balance have been studied in 3 groups of urological conditions, (1) in patients with ureterocolic transplants (2) in patients with acute renal failure and uraemia, and (3) in those with renal calculi. In addition a special study was made of changes in (4) magnesium levels and (5) blood cell potassium under the variety of conditions encountered. 1. In the patients with ureterocolic transplants hyperohloraemic acidosis was present in addition to a moderately raised urea. Hyppisalaemia also occurred in a significant number. This imbalance was found to occur any time from a fortnight to a year or more following operation, with sorae stabilisation eventually taking place. Balance experiments showed that it was due to a disproportionate retention of chloride, this was minimised by a low chloride diet and administration of sodium bicarbonate or lactate corrected the acidosis. Balance experiments also showed that considerable potassium deficiencies could develop due to the increased excretion of potassium, and this was not always obvious from the plasma figures. In particular, rapid correction of severe acidosis led in many cases to marked hypolcalaemla and unless precautions are taken this could be fatal. 2. In the patients with acute renal failure, changes in plasma electrolytes were followed from day to day. Comparison of plasma phosphorus and urea levels were considered as an aid to prognosis, the relative height of the phosphorus occasionally giving an earlier indication of return of renal function. Some patients were treated with anabolic steroids, and although conditions were not always comparable, there was some benefit obtained. 3. Tests of parathyroid activity were investigated in patients with renal calculi. Factors affecting the tests, differential diagnosis and the value of repeated determinations are discussed. Calcium infusion tests and phosphorus/creatinine ratios were found to be of little value in borderline cases. 4. Serum magnesium was estimated in many of the patients referred to above. It tended to act reciprocally to calcium, for example, in the calcium infusion tests and the uraemic patients, but there was no definite relationship between it and serum potassium, e.g. in the potassium deficient patients and the uraemic ones, nor in the acidosis of the uraemic or transplant patients. The effect of operation on serum and urine magnesium was also studied, but the effects were too slight for any significant trend to show. A few estimations were also made in patients with endocrine disorders, but results were again variable. 5. Blood cell potassium was estimated in many cases to evaluate its use as a guide to the state of body potassium. It was found that other factors affected it, in particular the state of acid-base equilibrium and the tonicity of the extracellulor fluid, while in the potassium fluid, while in the potassium deficient patients it was deficient patients it was often normal, and low in the anric patients where there was no overall deficiency. A few tissue analyses were carried out which confirmed this. It was concluded that blood cell potassium estimations are unreliable guides to tissue potassium, unless these limitations are borne in mind

A 50 Kilowatt Distributed Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Generation System for the University of Wyoming

The University of Wyoming (UW) campus (USA) is serving as the site for a 50 kilowatt solar photovoltaic (PV) power system. Three sub-systems were sited and built on the UW campus in 1996. The first sub-system, a 10 kW roof-integrated system of PV roof tiles is located on the roof of the Engineering Building. The second sub-system-a 5 kW rack-mounted, ballasted PV system is on a walkway roof of the Engineering building. The third sub-system is a 35 kW shade structure system and is located adjacent to the parking lot of the University\u27s football stadium. The three sub-systems differ in their design strategy since each is being used for research and education at the University. Each sub-system, being located at some distance away from one another, supplies a different part of the campus grid. Efforts continue at setting up a central monitoring system which will receive data remotely from all locations. A part of this monitoring system is complete. While the initial monitoring data shows satisfactory performance, a number of reliability problems with PV modules and inverters have delayed full functionality of the syste

PowerGuard Advanced Manufacturing, PVMaT Phase II Technical Progress Report; 1 July 1999--30 September 2000

This project introduced incremental improvements to PowerGuard system components and manufacturing processes to significantly reduce the costs of a PowerGuard system. The improvement resulted in a lower cost, higher impact PV product. During Phase II, these accomplishments have resulted in: A production rate of greater than 400 PowerGuard tiles per shift (20 MW/year) manufacturing capacity; 57% cost reduction for PowerGuard tile; UL listing for four additional PowerGuard tiles configurations; Improved quality of finished goods due to improved tooling and processes in manufacturing, simultaneously improving throughput and lowering cost of $3.80Wp for large systems. In Phase III of this contract, PowerLight will continue efforts to improve the manufacturing processes for PowerGuard. Specific performance objectives during phase III are as follows: Demonstrate system cost reduction from$3.80/Wp to $3.05/Wp for large systems; Establish or assess the performance of dedicated PowerGuard PV module plant capacity of 2 MW per year; Complete wind tunnel testing of all design refinements; Produce an installation manual and training program for installing PowerGuard systems; Establish performance of manufacturing modifications based on assessment of commercial systems which incorporate the new features and processes; and Finalize UL, International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO), and international listings of PowerGuard improvements. These are expected to result in a lower cost, higher impact PV product, as sought by this program

Inter-Firm Cooperation and Collaboration in Shipper-Shipping Company Relationships for Enhancing Sustainability

This paper aims to reveal the relationship between cooperation, trust, and sustainability, and to uncover whether cooperation, trust, and sustainability is nested within collaboration in shipper–shipping company relationships. Structural equation modeling identified that cooperation has a positive effect on trust, which partially mediates the impact of cooperation on sustainability. Sub-constructs of cooperation included transparency, fairness, and mutuality. Fairness is the prime antecedent of trust, and developing fairness can create more effective and high-quality relationships among firms. A fuller theoretical model reveals how inter-firm cooperation may progress to collaboration, and why transparency does not necessarily lead to trust