Experiències d'animació sòcio-cultural a l'Ajuntament de Barcelona

Desde una concepción de la animación sociocultural como acción social y educativa, el Ayuntamiento de Barcelona ha optado por un modelo urbano participativo, que se ha traducido en una descentralización de las decisiones y de la prestación de servicios y en el establecimiento de diversos mecanismos reguladores de la participación ciudadana, así como en proyectos concretos de dinamización sociocultural. En este sentido, se hace una reflexión histórico-crítica sobre cuatro proyectos generados por el Ayuntamiento: los Casales de jóvenes e infantiles, los Programas culturales y puntos de información en los centros de enseñanza media, los Centros cívicos y el Institut Municipal d'Animació (IMAE) y las generaciones de animadores que de él han surgido.From sociocultural animation (sociocultural community development) conception as social and educative action, the Barcelona council has chosen a participative urban pattern, that was traslate as a descentralization of the decisions and the services lending and in the establishment of the control mechanics of the citizen participation, as soon as in a specific projects of the sociocultural dynamization. In this sense, it does a historic-critical reflection about four projects generates for the council town: the young and infant people country houses, the cultural programs and the information stand in the secundary education institutions, the civic institutions and the Municipal institute of the animation (depramization) (IMAE) and the generation of animators that have arisen of him

Water vapor and silicon monoxide maser observations in the protoplanetary nebula OH 231.8+4

OH 231.8+4.2 is a well studied preplanetary nebula (pPN) around a binary stellar system that shows a remarkable bipolar outflow. To study the structure and kinematics of the inner 10-80 AU nebular regions we performed high-resolution observations of the H$_2$O 6$_{1,6}$--5$_{2,3}$ and $^{28}$SiO $v$=2, $J$=1--0 maser emissions with the Very Long Baseline Array. The absolute position of both emission distributions were recovered using the phase referencing technique, and accurately registered in HST optical images. H$_2$O maser clumps are found to be distributed in two areas of 20 mas in size spatially displaced by $\sim$60 milli-arcseconds along an axis oriented nearly north-south. SiO masers are tentatively found to be placed between the two H$_2$O maser emitting regions, probably indicating the position of the Mira component of the system. The SiO maser emission traces an inner equatorial component with a diameter of 12 AU, probably a disk rotating around the M-type star. Outwards, we detect in the H$_2$O data a pair of polar caps, separated by 80 AU. We believe that the inner regions of the nebula probably have been altered by the presence of the companion, leading to an equator-to-pole density contrast that may explain the lack of H$_2$O masers and strong SiO maser emission in the denser, equatorial regions.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, A&A accepte

Relative astrometry of the J=1-0, v=1 and v=2 SiO masers towards R Leonis Minoris using VERA

Oxygen-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars are intense emitters of SiO and H$_2$O maser lines at 43 (J=1-0, v=1 and 2) and 22 GHz, respectively. VLBI observations of the maser emission provides a unique tool to sample the innermost layers of the circumstellar envelopes in AGB stars. Nevertheless, the difficulties in achieving astrometrically aligned v=1 and v=2 SiO maser maps have traditionally prevented a unique interpretation of the observations in terms of physical underlying conditions, which depend on the nature of the SiO pumping mechanism. We have carried out observations of the SiO and H$_2$O maser emission towards RLMi, using the astrometric capabilities of VERA. Due to the too-weak emission of the reference calibrator we had to develop a special method to accurately relate the coordinates for both transitions. We present relative astrometrically aligned v=1 and v=2 J=1-0 SiO maser maps, at multiple epochs, and discuss the astrophysical results. The incorporation of astrometric information into the maps of SiO masers challenges the weak points in the current theoretical models, which will need further refinements to address the observations results.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figure

Índices de sustitución en cirugía mayor ambulatoria: medir, contar y comparar

ResumenObjetivoComparar los índices de sustitución de la actividad realizada por cirugía mayor ambulatoria en el Hospital Vall d’Hebron con aquellos índices obtenidos por el conjunto de hospitales públicos de Catalunya, los cuales constituyen la Xarxa Hospitalaria d’Utilització Pública (XHUP).MétodosSe calculan los índices de sustitución del 65% de los Grupos Relacionados en el Diagnóstico (GRD) susceptibles de cirugía sin ingreso del Hospital Vall d’Hebron y los de la XHUP para después poder calcular y comparar las medias de los dos grupos. Para ello se utilizan las bases de datos del CMBDH de los años 1998 y 1999.ResultadosLas medias de los índices de sustitución son de un 48,88% para el Hospital Vall d’Hebron y de un 35,14% para los hospitales de la XHUP. Esta diferencia es estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,0001) calculada con un nivel de significación de un 5%. También se observa que los DRG con índices de sustitución más elevados son coincidentes en los dos grupos y son los siguientes: 039, 229, 364, 262, 062, 362 y 342.ConclusionesConsiderando las actuales técnicas de benchmarking en el ámbito sanitario, este trabajo demuestra que los índices de sustitución son una herramienta válida a utilizar para comparar hospitales, especialmente en el caso que se pudiera trabajar con bases de datos robustas.SummaryObjectiveCompare the substitution indexes of the ambulatory surgery activity done in the Vall d’Hebron Hospital with those indexes obtained from the all public hospitals of Catalonia which constitute the Public Hospital Net.MethodsThere have been calculated the substitution indexes of the 65% of DRGs which are treated with ambulatory surgery at the Vall d’Hebron Hospital and in the global of public hospital net in Catalonia. For this pourpose, it has been used the MBDS of the years 1998 and 1999. The means of the substitution indexes have been compared with a Z test.ResultsThe means of the substitution indexes are of a 48.88% for the Vall d’Hebron Hospital and of a 35.14% for the whole public hospitals. The difference is statically significant (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the highest substitution indexes are the same for both groups and are the follow: 039, 229,364, 262, 062, 362 y 342.ConclusionsTaking into account the present techniques of benchmarking in the health care field, this work shows that the substitution indexes are a valid tool that can be used to compare hospitals, specially in the case that it could be possible to work with robust data bases