Viticultural climate and climatic groups in Ibero-American wine producer regions.

A produção de vinhos constitui-se numa importante atividade sócio-econômica em diversos países Ibero-Americanos. As regiões vitivinícolas nestes países localizam-se em diversos tipos de clima

Climatic groups in Ibero-America viticulture compared to worldwide wine producer regions.

The wine production is an important activity in many Ibero-American countries. The wine producer regions of these countries configure a large use of different climate types and viticultural climates. In a vitivinicultural zoning project of CYTED (Ibero-American Program for Science, Technology and Development), a viticultural climatic characterization was done in this macro viticultural region. The project have assembled a climatic database that characterizes the viticultural regions, including relevant variables for viticulture: air temperature (mean, maximum, and minimum), precipitation, relative humidity, solar radiation, number of sunshine hours, wind speed, and evapotranspiration. Using indices of the Geoviticulture MCC System (HI, CI and DI), more than 70 viticultural regions in different countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Spain, Mexico, Peru, Portugal and Uruguay) were characterized according to its viticultural climatic. The results, which will be integrated to the worldwide database of the MCC System, showed that the Ibero-American viticulture is placed in a wide range of climatic groups of the wine producing regions around the world. This article presents the climatic groups found in Ibero-America, identifying also some new climatic groups not yet found in other regions of the world. This work also identifies some climatic groups not found in Ibero-America viticulture. The research has also highlighted viticultural areas characterized by climates with ?intra-annual climatic variability?, with the potential to produce more than one growing cycle per year. The results allow to conclude that the wide variability and climatic diversity present in Ibero-America may be one of the reasons to explain the diversity in terms of wine types, sensorial characteristics, typicity and uniqueness of wines produced on this macro-region

Climatic groups in Ibero-Ameríca viticulture compared to worldwide wine producer regions.

Thewine production is an important activity in many Ibero-American countries. The wine producer regions of these countriesconfigure a large use of different c1imate types and viticultural climates. ln a vitivinicultural zoning project of CYTED (Ibero-American Program for Science, Technology and Development), a viticultural c1imatic characterization was done in this macro viticultural region. The project have assembled a climatic database that characterizes the viticultural regions, inc1uding relevant variables for viticulture: air emperature (mean, maximum, and minimum), precipitation, relative humidity, solar radiation, number of sunshine hours, wind speed, and evapotranspiration. Using indicesof the Geoviticulture MCC System (HI, CI and DI), more than 70 viticultura I regions in different countries (Argentina,Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Spain, Mexico, Peru, Portugal and Uruguay) were characterized according to itsviticultural c1imatic. The results, which will be integrated to the worldwide database of the MCC System, showed thatthe Ibero-American viticulture is placed in a wide range of c1imatic groups of the wine producing regions around lheworld. This article presents the c1imatic groups found in Ibero-America, identifying also some new climatic groups notyet found in other regions of the world. This work also identifies some c1imatic groups not found in Ibero-America viticulture.The research has also highlighted viticultural areas characterized by c1imates with "intra-annual c1imatic variability",with the potential to produce more than one growing cyc1e per year. The results allow to conc1ude that the wide variability and climatic diversity present in Ibero-America may be one of the reasons to explain the diversity in terms ofwine types, sensorial characteristics, typicity and uniqueness ofwines produced on this macro-region

Para o estudo da evolução do ensino e da formação em administração educacional em Portugal

Estudos sobre a evolução do ensino de disciplinas, na formação de professores em Portugal, são recentes. O controle burocrático centralizado reteve as dimensões do controle político-administrativo. De certo modo, protegeu a esfera educativa das influências modernizantes, do capitalismo industrial e das lógicas mercantis e gerencialistas. Defendeu a educação do domínio político, da intervenção de movimentos sociais, das propagandas de ideais democráticos e da cidadania. A utilização da designação "Administração educacional" ilustra as dificuldades sentidas, ao longo dos últimos anos, em termos da construção acadêmica de uma área, seja pela falta de tradição, seja pelos antecedentes históricos.In Portugal, studies about the evolution of disciplines teaching in the teachers formation are recent. The centralized bureaucratic control has held back the dimensions of politic administrative control. In a certain way, it has protected the education against the new-fashioned influences, manufacturing capitalism, and mercantile and managerial logics. This centralized bureaucratic control has also profected the education against the politic dominion, the intervention of social movements, the advertising of democratic ideals, and against the citizenship. The use of the term "Educational administration" shows the difficulties met by the searchers along the latest years, since there is no tradiction nor historic antecedence

L'effet du climat viticole sur la typicité des vins rouges: caractérisation au niveau des régions viticoles Ibéro-Americaines.

Il n?existe presque pas d?études qui caractérisent l?effet du climat viticole sur la typicité des vins en considérant les différents types de climats à l?échelle mondiale. Cette étude fait partie d?un projet CYTED de zonage vitivinicole. L?objectif a été de caractériser l?effet du climat viticole sur la typicité des vins sur une macro région viticole du monde. La méthodologie a été appliquée à un ensemble de 45 régions viticoles situées sur 6 pays Ibéro-Américains : Argentine, Bolivie, Brésil, Chili, Espagne et Portugal. Le climat viticole de chaque région viticole a été caractérisé para les 3 indices climatiques viticoles du Système CCM Géoviticole : IH (Indice Héliothermique de Huglin), (IF) Indice de Fraîcheur des Nuits) et IS (Indice de Sécheresse). Les principales caractéristiques sensorielles observées de façon fréquente sur des vins rouges représentatifs élaborés avec des raisins-de-cuve de chacune des ces 45 régions viticoles ont été décrites pour des ?nologues de chaque pays, an utilisant la méthodologie proposée par Zanus & Tonietto (2007). L?évaluation sensorielle réalisée concerne l?intensité de perception de la Couleur (Cou), de l?Arôme Total (Ar), de l?Arôme ? fruit mûr (Ar-Fm), de la Concentration (Con), de l?Alcool (Al), des Tanins (Tan), de l?Acidité (Ac) et la Longueur en bouche (Lon). Les données ont été soumises à l?analyse des corrélations pour l?ensemble des variables et à l?ACP. L?étude indique qu?une partie de la typicité des vins es déterminée par le climat viticole des régions et que les indices du Système CCM Géoviticole sont pertinents pour relier aux caractéristiques sensorielles des vins. Le déterminisme de l?IH, de l?IS et de l?IF à été mis en évidence. MOTS CLÉS : climat viticole, indice climatique, Système CCM, vin, typicité