The quantification of rates of total sediment influx to Lynn Goddionduon, Gwynedd.

(i) This study uses mineral magnetic parameters (e.g. magnetic susceptibility, saturation isothermal remanence and anhysteretic remanence) and lithostratigraphical description to correlate a suite of sed~ent cores sampled from a closely-meshed grid network covering the whole of a small upland lake basin in Gwynedd, North Waleso (ii) The core correlations are used to define three horizons within the lake sediment deposits: (1) the Loch Lomond Stadia I Clay - early Flandrian clay-mud contact, at the base of the Post-glacial sediment sequence. (2) A peak in magnetic susceptibility which is identified as a concentration of paramagnetic iron and manganese which are tentatively assumed to have entered the lake basin in solution. (3) A peak in magnetic susceptibility and magnetic remanence in the uppermost sections of the cores which is identified as a concentration of ferrimagnetic material. The correlated horizons define three contiguous layers of sediment within the lake basin. Contour maps of the thicknesses of the sediment layers are constructed and USed to estimate the volume of each layer. (iii) Radiometric dating (C-14 and Cs-137) is used to estimate the ages of the boundaries of the sediment layers, thereby enabling rates of total sediment influx and sediment yield per unit area of the terrestrial part of the watershed to be obtained. Sediment yield estimates of 36 kg/ha/yr, 1~6 kg/ha/yr and 263-326 kg/ha/yr were obtained for the periods (represent1ng the duration of the deposition times of the sediment layers) 10 400- 800 bp; 800 bp-AD 1951 and AD 1951-1977, respectively. (iv) Pollen analyses are used together with documented regional and local ?nvironmental history to provide a ccmtext for the eva'Lua.tdon of the est- ~mated rates of sediment yield. During the majority of the 10 400-800 bp period the watershed is likely to have been occupied by relatively undisturbed deciduous woodland, and during the 800 bp-AD 1951 period by grazed and possibly burnt-over moorland. The sediment yield for the AD 1951-1977 period is ascribed predominantly to soil erosion resulting from a forest :ire within the watershed in AD 1951. Comparison of the estimates of sed- ~~ent yield with those obtained using conventional geomorphological techn1ques in watersheds under comparable forms of land-use suggests some accordance. (v) The core correlations and sediment thickness contour maps depict the history of the spatial pattern of sediment accumulation within the lake baSin. The lake basin appears to have infilled asymmetrj.cal1y, with the f?CUS of sediment accumulation having moved progressively northwards with t1me. Marked variations in rates of sediment accumulation over short dist~ ces (tens of metres) are also evident. In contrast to the results ob- ~a~ed from other lake basins, the currently deepest part of the lake bas- 1n 1S virtually devoid of sediment. The observed patterns of sediment accumulation are tentatively assumed to be a response to wind stress

The averaged characteristic polynomial for the Gaussian and chiral Gaussian ensembles with a source

In classical random matrix theory the Gaussian and chiral Gaussian random matrix models with a source are realized as shifted mean Gaussian, and chiral Gaussian, random matrices with real $(\beta = 1)$, complex ($\beta = 2)$ and real quaternion $(\beta = 4$) elements. We use the Dyson Brownian motion model to give a meaning for general $\beta > 0$. In the Gaussian case a further construction valid for $\beta > 0$ is given, as the eigenvalue PDF of a recursively defined random matrix ensemble. In the case of real or complex elements, a combinatorial argument is used to compute the averaged characteristic polynomial. The resulting functional forms are shown to be a special cases of duality formulas due to Desrosiers. New derivations of the general case of Desrosiers' dualities are given. A soft edge scaling limit of the averaged characteristic polynomial is identified, and an explicit evaluation in terms of so-called incomplete Airy functions is obtained.Comment: 21 page

Discovery of an aborted reversal (geomagnetic excursion) in the Late Pleistocene sediments of Pinjor Dun, NW Himalaya

We report here the occurrence of an aborted reversal (geomagnetic excursion) in the Late Pleistocene sediments of Pinjor Dun near Chandigarh, NW Himalaya. The event discovered at ~697.5 cm level from the base of Kiratpur section corresponds to the OSL date of 40±5 Ka coinciding with the Laschamp excursion and palaeointensity minima elsewhere. The Pinjor Dun sediments are deposited at a high rate of sedimentation that enables quite enlarged records of remanent geomagnetic field, hence suitable for further high resolution study of the excursion (under progress) to extend its utility as a stratigraphic marker in the Quaternary sediments at the foothills of the Himalaya